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Main Authors: Kuzuhara, M., Fukui, A., Livingston, J. H., Caballero, J. A., de Leon, J. P., Hirano, T., Kasagi, Y., Murgas, F., Narita, N., Omiya, M., Orell-Miquel, Jaume, Palle, E., Changeat, Q., Esparza-Borges, E., Harakawa, H., Hellier, C., Hori, Yasunori, Ikuta, Kai, Ishikawa, H. T., Kodama, T., Kotani, T., Kudo, T., Morales, J. C., Mori, M., Nagel, E., Parviainen, H., Perdelwitz, V., Reiners, A., Ribas, I., Sanz-Forcada, J., Sato, B., Schweitzer, A., Tabernero, H. M., Takarada, T., Uyama, T., Watanabe, N., Zechmeister, M., García, N. Abreu, Aoki, W., Beichman, C., Béjar, V. J. S., Brandt, T. D., Calatayud-Borras, Y., Carleo, I., Charbonneau, D., Collins, K. A., Currie, T., Doty, J. P., Dreizler, S., Fernández-Rodríguez, G., Fukuda, I., Galán, D., Geraldía-González, S., González-Garcia, J., Hayashi, Y., Hedges, C., Henning, T., Hodapp, K., Ikoma, M., Isogai, K., Jacobson, S., Janson, M., Jenkins, J. M., Kagetani, T., Kambe, E., Kawai, Y., Kawauchi, K., Kokubo, E., Konishi, M., Korth, J., Krishnamurthy, V., Kurokawa, T., Kusakabe, N., Kwon, J., Laza-Ramos, A., Libotte, F., Luque, R., Madrigal-Aguado, A., Matsumoto, Y., Mawet, D., McElwain, M. W., Gallardo, P. P. Meni, Morello, G., Torres, S. Mu~noz, Nishikawa, J., Nugroho, S. K., Ogihara, M., Pel'aez-Torres, A., Rapetti, D., S'anchez-Benavente, M., Schlecker, M., Seager, S., Serabyn, E., Serizawa, T., Stangret, M., Takahashi, A., Teng, H., Tamura, M., Terada, Y., Ueda, A., Usuda, T., Vanderspek, R., Vievard, S., Watanabe, D., Winn, J. N., Osorio, M. R. Zapatero
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
Subjects:
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.14708
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author Kuzuhara, M.
Fukui, A.
Livingston, J. H.
Caballero, J. A.
de Leon, J. P.
Hirano, T.
Kasagi, Y.
Murgas, F.
Narita, N.
Omiya, M.
Orell-Miquel, Jaume
Palle, E.
Changeat, Q.
Esparza-Borges, E.
Harakawa, H.
Hellier, C.
Hori, Yasunori
Ikuta, Kai
Ishikawa, H. T.
Kodama, T.
Kotani, T.
Kudo, T.
Morales, J. C.
Mori, M.
Nagel, E.
Parviainen, H.
Perdelwitz, V.
Reiners, A.
Ribas, I.
Sanz-Forcada, J.
Sato, B.
Schweitzer, A.
Tabernero, H. M.
Takarada, T.
Uyama, T.
Watanabe, N.
Zechmeister, M.
García, N. Abreu
Aoki, W.
Beichman, C.
Béjar, V. J. S.
Brandt, T. D.
Calatayud-Borras, Y.
Carleo, I.
Charbonneau, D.
Collins, K. A.
Currie, T.
Doty, J. P.
Dreizler, S.
Fernández-Rodríguez, G.
Fukuda, I.
Galán, D.
Geraldía-González, S.
González-Garcia, J.
Hayashi, Y.
Hedges, C.
Henning, T.
Hodapp, K.
Ikoma, M.
Isogai, K.
Jacobson, S.
Janson, M.
Jenkins, J. M.
Kagetani, T.
Kambe, E.
Kawai, Y.
Kawauchi, K.
Kokubo, E.
Konishi, M.
Korth, J.
Krishnamurthy, V.
Kurokawa, T.
Kusakabe, N.
Kwon, J.
Laza-Ramos, A.
Libotte, F.
Luque, R.
Madrigal-Aguado, A.
Matsumoto, Y.
Mawet, D.
McElwain, M. W.
Gallardo, P. P. Meni
Morello, G.
Torres, S. Mu~noz
Nishikawa, J.
Nugroho, S. K.
Ogihara, M.
Pel'aez-Torres, A.
Rapetti, D.
S'anchez-Benavente, M.
Schlecker, M.
Seager, S.
Serabyn, E.
Serizawa, T.
Stangret, M.
Takahashi, A.
Teng, H.
Tamura, M.
Terada, Y.
Ueda, A.
Usuda, T.
Vanderspek, R.
Vievard, S.
Watanabe, D.
Winn, J. N.
Osorio, M. R. Zapatero
author_facet Kuzuhara, M.
Fukui, A.
Livingston, J. H.
Caballero, J. A.
de Leon, J. P.
Hirano, T.
Kasagi, Y.
Murgas, F.
Narita, N.
Omiya, M.
Orell-Miquel, Jaume
Palle, E.
Changeat, Q.
Esparza-Borges, E.
Harakawa, H.
Hellier, C.
Hori, Yasunori
Ikuta, Kai
Ishikawa, H. T.
Kodama, T.
Kotani, T.
Kudo, T.
Morales, J. C.
Mori, M.
Nagel, E.
Parviainen, H.
Perdelwitz, V.
Reiners, A.
Ribas, I.
Sanz-Forcada, J.
Sato, B.
Schweitzer, A.
Tabernero, H. M.
Takarada, T.
Uyama, T.
Watanabe, N.
Zechmeister, M.
García, N. Abreu
Aoki, W.
Beichman, C.
Béjar, V. J. S.
Brandt, T. D.
Calatayud-Borras, Y.
Carleo, I.
Charbonneau, D.
Collins, K. A.
Currie, T.
Doty, J. P.
Dreizler, S.
Fernández-Rodríguez, G.
Fukuda, I.
Galán, D.
Geraldía-González, S.
González-Garcia, J.
Hayashi, Y.
Hedges, C.
Henning, T.
Hodapp, K.
Ikoma, M.
Isogai, K.
Jacobson, S.
Janson, M.
Jenkins, J. M.
Kagetani, T.
Kambe, E.
Kawai, Y.
Kawauchi, K.
Kokubo, E.
Konishi, M.
Korth, J.
Krishnamurthy, V.
Kurokawa, T.
Kusakabe, N.
Kwon, J.
Laza-Ramos, A.
Libotte, F.
Luque, R.
Madrigal-Aguado, A.
Matsumoto, Y.
Mawet, D.
McElwain, M. W.
Gallardo, P. P. Meni
Morello, G.
Torres, S. Mu~noz
Nishikawa, J.
Nugroho, S. K.
Ogihara, M.
Pel'aez-Torres, A.
Rapetti, D.
S'anchez-Benavente, M.
Schlecker, M.
Seager, S.
Serabyn, E.
Serizawa, T.
Stangret, M.
Takahashi, A.
Teng, H.
Tamura, M.
Terada, Y.
Ueda, A.
Usuda, T.
Vanderspek, R.
Vievard, S.
Watanabe, D.
Winn, J. N.
Osorio, M. R. Zapatero
contents Recent discoveries of Earth-sized planets transiting nearby M dwarfs have made it possible to characterize the atmospheres of terrestrial planets via follow-up spectroscopic observations. However, the number of such planets receiving low insolation is still small, limiting our ability to understand the diversity of the atmospheric composition and climates of temperate terrestrial planets. We report the discovery of an Earth-sized planet transiting the nearby (12 pc) inactive M3.0 dwarf Gliese 12 (TOI-6251) with an orbital period ($P_{\rm{orb}}$) of 12.76 days. The planet, Gliese 12b, was initially identified as a candidate with an ambiguous $P_{\rm{orb}}$ from TESS data. We confirmed the transit signal and $P_{\rm{orb}}$ using ground-based photometry with MuSCAT2 and MuSCAT3, and validated the planetary nature of the signal using high-resolution images from Gemini/NIRI and Keck/NIRC2 as well as radial velocity (RV) measurements from the InfraRed Doppler instrument on the Subaru 8.2 m telescope and from CARMENES on the CAHA 3.5 m telescope. X-ray observations with XMM-Newton showed the host star is inactive, with an X-ray-to-bolometric luminosity ratio of $\log L_{\rm X}/L_{\rm bol} \approx -5.7$. Joint analysis of the light curves and RV measurements revealed that Gliese 12b has a radius of 0.96 $\pm$ 0.05 $R_\oplus$, a 3$σ$ mass upper limit of 3.9 $M_\oplus$, and an equilibrium temperature of 315 $\pm$ 6 K assuming zero albedo. The transmission spectroscopy metric (TSM) value of Gliese 12b is close to the TSM values of the TRAPPIST-1 planets, adding Gliese 12b to the small list of potentially terrestrial, temperate planets amenable to atmospheric characterization with JWST.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2405_14708
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Gliese 12 b: A temperate Earth-sized planet at 12 pc ideal for atmospheric transmission spectroscopy
Kuzuhara, M.
Fukui, A.
Livingston, J. H.
Caballero, J. A.
de Leon, J. P.
Hirano, T.
Kasagi, Y.
Murgas, F.
Narita, N.
Omiya, M.
Orell-Miquel, Jaume
Palle, E.
Changeat, Q.
Esparza-Borges, E.
Harakawa, H.
Hellier, C.
Hori, Yasunori
Ikuta, Kai
Ishikawa, H. T.
Kodama, T.
Kotani, T.
Kudo, T.
Morales, J. C.
Mori, M.
Nagel, E.
Parviainen, H.
Perdelwitz, V.
Reiners, A.
Ribas, I.
Sanz-Forcada, J.
Sato, B.
Schweitzer, A.
Tabernero, H. M.
Takarada, T.
Uyama, T.
Watanabe, N.
Zechmeister, M.
García, N. Abreu
Aoki, W.
Beichman, C.
Béjar, V. J. S.
Brandt, T. D.
Calatayud-Borras, Y.
Carleo, I.
Charbonneau, D.
Collins, K. A.
Currie, T.
Doty, J. P.
Dreizler, S.
Fernández-Rodríguez, G.
Fukuda, I.
Galán, D.
Geraldía-González, S.
González-Garcia, J.
Hayashi, Y.
Hedges, C.
Henning, T.
Hodapp, K.
Ikoma, M.
Isogai, K.
Jacobson, S.
Janson, M.
Jenkins, J. M.
Kagetani, T.
Kambe, E.
Kawai, Y.
Kawauchi, K.
Kokubo, E.
Konishi, M.
Korth, J.
Krishnamurthy, V.
Kurokawa, T.
Kusakabe, N.
Kwon, J.
Laza-Ramos, A.
Libotte, F.
Luque, R.
Madrigal-Aguado, A.
Matsumoto, Y.
Mawet, D.
McElwain, M. W.
Gallardo, P. P. Meni
Morello, G.
Torres, S. Mu~noz
Nishikawa, J.
Nugroho, S. K.
Ogihara, M.
Pel'aez-Torres, A.
Rapetti, D.
S'anchez-Benavente, M.
Schlecker, M.
Seager, S.
Serabyn, E.
Serizawa, T.
Stangret, M.
Takahashi, A.
Teng, H.
Tamura, M.
Terada, Y.
Ueda, A.
Usuda, T.
Vanderspek, R.
Vievard, S.
Watanabe, D.
Winn, J. N.
Osorio, M. R. Zapatero
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Recent discoveries of Earth-sized planets transiting nearby M dwarfs have made it possible to characterize the atmospheres of terrestrial planets via follow-up spectroscopic observations. However, the number of such planets receiving low insolation is still small, limiting our ability to understand the diversity of the atmospheric composition and climates of temperate terrestrial planets. We report the discovery of an Earth-sized planet transiting the nearby (12 pc) inactive M3.0 dwarf Gliese 12 (TOI-6251) with an orbital period ($P_{\rm{orb}}$) of 12.76 days. The planet, Gliese 12b, was initially identified as a candidate with an ambiguous $P_{\rm{orb}}$ from TESS data. We confirmed the transit signal and $P_{\rm{orb}}$ using ground-based photometry with MuSCAT2 and MuSCAT3, and validated the planetary nature of the signal using high-resolution images from Gemini/NIRI and Keck/NIRC2 as well as radial velocity (RV) measurements from the InfraRed Doppler instrument on the Subaru 8.2 m telescope and from CARMENES on the CAHA 3.5 m telescope. X-ray observations with XMM-Newton showed the host star is inactive, with an X-ray-to-bolometric luminosity ratio of $\log L_{\rm X}/L_{\rm bol} \approx -5.7$. Joint analysis of the light curves and RV measurements revealed that Gliese 12b has a radius of 0.96 $\pm$ 0.05 $R_\oplus$, a 3$σ$ mass upper limit of 3.9 $M_\oplus$, and an equilibrium temperature of 315 $\pm$ 6 K assuming zero albedo. The transmission spectroscopy metric (TSM) value of Gliese 12b is close to the TSM values of the TRAPPIST-1 planets, adding Gliese 12b to the small list of potentially terrestrial, temperate planets amenable to atmospheric characterization with JWST.
title Gliese 12 b: A temperate Earth-sized planet at 12 pc ideal for atmospheric transmission spectroscopy
topic Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.14708

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