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Main Authors: Hernández, Camilo, Santibáñez, Nicolás Hernández, Hubert, Emma, Possamaï, Dylan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.19607
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author Hernández, Camilo
Santibáñez, Nicolás Hernández
Hubert, Emma
Possamaï, Dylan
author_facet Hernández, Camilo
Santibáñez, Nicolás Hernández
Hubert, Emma
Possamaï, Dylan
contents We provide a general approach to reformulating any continuous-time stochastic Stackelberg differential game under closed-loop strategies as a single-level optimisation problem with target constraints. More precisely, we consider a Stackelberg game in which the leader and the follower can both control the drift and the volatility of a stochastic output process, in order to maximise their respective expected utility. The aim is to characterise the Stackelberg equilibrium when the players adopt 'closed-loop strategies', i.e. their decisions are based solely on the historical information of the output process, excluding especially any direct dependence on the underlying driving noise, often unobservable in real-world applications. We first show that, by considering the second-order backward stochastic differential equation associated with the continuation utility of the follower as a controlled state variable for the leader, the latter's unconventional optimisation problem can be reformulated as a more standard stochastic control problem with target constraints. Thereafter, adapting the methodology developed by Soner and Touzi (2002a) or Bouchard, Elie and Imbert (2010), the optimal strategies, as well as the corresponding value of the Stackelberg equilibrium, can be characterised through the solution of a well-specified system of Hamilton- Jacobi-Bellman equations. For a more comprehensive insight, we illustrate our approach through a simple example, facilitating both theoretical and numerical detailed comparisons with the solutions under different information structures studied in the literature.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2406_19607
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Closed-loop equilibria for Stackelberg games: a story about stochastic targets
Hernández, Camilo
Santibáñez, Nicolás Hernández
Hubert, Emma
Possamaï, Dylan
Optimization and Control
Primary 91A65, secondary 60H30, 93E20, 91A15
We provide a general approach to reformulating any continuous-time stochastic Stackelberg differential game under closed-loop strategies as a single-level optimisation problem with target constraints. More precisely, we consider a Stackelberg game in which the leader and the follower can both control the drift and the volatility of a stochastic output process, in order to maximise their respective expected utility. The aim is to characterise the Stackelberg equilibrium when the players adopt 'closed-loop strategies', i.e. their decisions are based solely on the historical information of the output process, excluding especially any direct dependence on the underlying driving noise, often unobservable in real-world applications. We first show that, by considering the second-order backward stochastic differential equation associated with the continuation utility of the follower as a controlled state variable for the leader, the latter's unconventional optimisation problem can be reformulated as a more standard stochastic control problem with target constraints. Thereafter, adapting the methodology developed by Soner and Touzi (2002a) or Bouchard, Elie and Imbert (2010), the optimal strategies, as well as the corresponding value of the Stackelberg equilibrium, can be characterised through the solution of a well-specified system of Hamilton- Jacobi-Bellman equations. For a more comprehensive insight, we illustrate our approach through a simple example, facilitating both theoretical and numerical detailed comparisons with the solutions under different information structures studied in the literature.
title Closed-loop equilibria for Stackelberg games: a story about stochastic targets
topic Optimization and Control
Primary 91A65, secondary 60H30, 93E20, 91A15
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.19607