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Main Authors: Duchi, John, Haque, Saminul, Kuditipudi, Rohith
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.20708
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author Duchi, John
Haque, Saminul
Kuditipudi, Rohith
author_facet Duchi, John
Haque, Saminul
Kuditipudi, Rohith
contents Let $\mathcal{Z} = \{Z_1, \dots, Z_n\} \stackrel{\mathrm{i.i.d.}}{\sim} P \subset \mathbb{R}^d$ from a distribution $P$ with mean zero and covariance $Σ$. Given a dataset $\mathcal{X}$ such that $d_{\mathrm{ham}}(\mathcal{X}, \mathcal{Z}) \leq \varepsilon n$, we are interested in finding an efficient estimator $\widehatΣ$ that achieves $\mathrm{err}(\widehatΣ, Σ) := \|Σ^{-\frac{1}{2}}\widehatΣΣ^{-\frac{1}{2}} - I\| _{\mathrm{op}} \leq 1/2$. We focus on the low contamination regime $\varepsilon = o(1/\sqrt{d}$). In this regime, prior work required either $Ω(d^{3/2})$ samples or runtime that is exponential in $d$. We present an algorithm that, for subgaussian data, has near-linear sample complexity $n = \widetildeΩ(d)$ and runtime $O((n+d)^{ω+ \frac{1}{2}})$, where $ω$ is the matrix multiplication exponent. We also show that this algorithm works for heavy-tailed data with near-linear sample complexity, but in a smaller regime of $\varepsilon$. Concurrent to our work, Diakonikolas et al. [2024] give Sum-of-Squares estimators that achieve similar sample complexity but with large polynomial runtime.
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spellingShingle A fast and slightly robust covariance estimator
Duchi, John
Haque, Saminul
Kuditipudi, Rohith
Data Structures and Algorithms
Let $\mathcal{Z} = \{Z_1, \dots, Z_n\} \stackrel{\mathrm{i.i.d.}}{\sim} P \subset \mathbb{R}^d$ from a distribution $P$ with mean zero and covariance $Σ$. Given a dataset $\mathcal{X}$ such that $d_{\mathrm{ham}}(\mathcal{X}, \mathcal{Z}) \leq \varepsilon n$, we are interested in finding an efficient estimator $\widehatΣ$ that achieves $\mathrm{err}(\widehatΣ, Σ) := \|Σ^{-\frac{1}{2}}\widehatΣΣ^{-\frac{1}{2}} - I\| _{\mathrm{op}} \leq 1/2$. We focus on the low contamination regime $\varepsilon = o(1/\sqrt{d}$). In this regime, prior work required either $Ω(d^{3/2})$ samples or runtime that is exponential in $d$. We present an algorithm that, for subgaussian data, has near-linear sample complexity $n = \widetildeΩ(d)$ and runtime $O((n+d)^{ω+ \frac{1}{2}})$, where $ω$ is the matrix multiplication exponent. We also show that this algorithm works for heavy-tailed data with near-linear sample complexity, but in a smaller regime of $\varepsilon$. Concurrent to our work, Diakonikolas et al. [2024] give Sum-of-Squares estimators that achieve similar sample complexity but with large polynomial runtime.
title A fast and slightly robust covariance estimator
topic Data Structures and Algorithms
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.20708