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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| 格式: | Recurso digital |
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Zenodo
2023
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| 在線閱讀: | https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13325 |
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- <p>Management of storage pest insects relies heavily on chemical control, and there is<br>a need to develop more sustainable management practices. Here, we evaluated the<br>impact of 2% ethanol plant extracts of Ajuga reptans L., Ajuga pyramidalis L. (both<br>Lamiaceae), Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae), and Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) plants<br>on mortality, population growth, and developmental stability [measuring fluctuating<br>asymmetry (FA)] of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a<br>worldwide stored product pest. FA refers to small, random deviations occurring between<br>the left and right sides of bilaterally symmetrical organisms; these deviations<br>increase in response to environmental stress, making FA a reliable method to measure<br>the impact of stress. FA was measured by means of geometric morphometrics,<br>a method that allows for analyzing the whole landmark configuration of the insect,<br>rather than taking single measurements. Extracts of the mentioned plants were used<br>to treat maize (Zea mays L., Poaceae) kernels on which experimental populations<br>of the rice weevil were grown, and we assessed mortality after 24–72<br>h, population<br>growth after 30–90<br>days, and developmental stability after 90 days. Screening bioassays<br>showed that S. oryzae adults were most affected by Ajuga extracts; Ajuga spp.,<br>especially A. reptans, significantly reduced population growth. In concordance, Ajuga<br>extracts increased FA. The effects of U. dioica and C. sativa extract were less pronounced.<br>None of the extracts significantly affected insect mortality. Overall, it can be<br>concluded that A. reptans and A. pyramidalis are potential sources of bioactive compounds<br>that may be further used for S. oryzae control. The results obtained confirm<br>that variation in body shape asymmetry can be used as an indicator of population<br>disturbance when insects are exposed to different types of stressors.</p>