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Zenodo
2024
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| Accés en línia: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14826248 |
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- <p><b>Subfamily Alycaeinae W.T. Blanford, 1864</b></p><p><b>(Fig. 12)</b></p><p>Alycaeinae Blanford, 1864: 465.</p><p><i>Tope genus: Alocaeus</i> Baird, 1850.</p><p><i>Content: Alocaeus</i> Baird, 1850 (type species: <i>Alocaeus eodouxi</i> Venmans, 1956; Fig. 12A), <i>Chamalocaeus</i> Möllendorff, 1897 (type species: <i>Alocaeus</i> (<i>Chamalocaeus</i>) <i>fuhstorferi</i> Möllendorff, 1897), <i>Coclorox</i> Godwin-Austen, 1914 (type species: <i>Coclostoma constrictum</i> Benson, 1851), <i>Dicharax</i> Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1900 (type species: <i>Alocaeus hebes</i> Benson, 1857; Fig. 12D), <i>Diorox</i> Benson, 1859 (type species: <i>Alocaeus amphora</i> Benson, 1856; Fig. 12C), <i>Metalocaeus</i> Pilsbry, 1900 (type species: <i>Alocaeus</i> (<i>Metalocaeus</i>) <i>melanopoma</i> Pilsbry, 1900, Fig. 12E), <i>Pincerna</i> Preston, 1907 (type species: <i>Pincerna liratula</i> Preston, 1907), and <i>Stomacosmethis</i> Bollinger, 1918 (type species: <i>Alocaeus</i> (<i>Stomacosmethis</i>) <i>sarasinorum</i> Bollinger, 1918). Currently contains 349 extant species (Páll-Gergely <i>et al.</i> 2020, 2021, Jirapatrasilp <i>et al.</i> 2021, MolluscaBase 2024).</p><p><i>Diagnosis:</i> External tube present (visible along the suture externally), microtunnels few (four or five) to many (>50), long, running from umbilicus to sutural tube; tube and microtunnels rise only in subadults (do not extend beyond the last half whorl), entirely absent in juveniles.</p><p><i>Distribution:</i> Western India through the Himalaya to Japan in the east, Korea in the north, and Indonesia to the south (van Benthem Juting 1948, 1959, Azuma 1982, Minato 1988, Páll-Gergely <i>et al.</i> 2020, 2021, Jirapatrasilp <i>et al.</i> 2021) (Fig. 11).</p><p><i>Remarks:</i> We do not list below the included genera, because the genus-level classification of the Alycaeinae was published recently (Páll-Gergely <i>et al.</i> 2020). Te only change at the genus level compared with the paper by Páll-Gergely <i>et al.</i> (2020) is that <i>Coclorox</i> has been treated as a synonym of <i>Pincerna</i> following Páll-Gergely (2017), while it is currently accepted as a valid genus (see Gitenberger <i>et al.</i> 2022, Páll-Gergely <i>et al.</i> 2023). In fact, Gitenberger <i>et al.</i> (2022) referred to the unpublished molecular phylogeny published in the present study. However, when we gave information to Edmund Gitenberger, we considered <i>Stomacosmethis balingensis</i> (Tomlin, 1948) <i>(Tomlin, 1948)</i> <i>(Tomlin, 1948)(Tomlin, 1948)(Tomlin, 1948)(Tomlin, 1948) (Tomlin, 1948)(Tomlin, 1948)(Tomlin, 1948)</i> a <i>Pincerna</i> species based on shell shape. However, in the present molecular phylogeny no true <i>Pincerna</i> are represented; therefore, we cannot confirm that <i>Coclorox</i> and <i>Pincerna</i> and phylogenetically distinct. Nevertheless, it seems likely that while <i>Coclorox</i> is closely related to <i>Alocaeus</i> and <i>Diorox</i>, <i>Pincerna</i> is a relative of <i>Stomacosmethis</i>. Tus, we maintain <i>Coclorox</i> as a valid genus, but this question has to be addressed by future molecular studies.</p>