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Zenodo
2025
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| オンライン･アクセス: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15865513 |
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- <p><i>Himalaea</i> (<i>Macrohimalaea</i>) <i>silvana</i> Chen, Prozorov & Saldaitis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 4, 7, 8</p><p><b>Type.</b></p><p><i>Holotype</i>: • 1 male, “ TU-01084 / At the junction of Bahe Town (Gongbu Jiangda County) and Baiba Town (Bayi District) / Baiba Town / Bayi District, Linzhi City, / Xizang / N29°52’22.09” / E92°31’31.96” / 23.8.2004 h 4203.7 m (coll. XU), ” GS prepared by Chen Enyong (XU).</p><p><i>Paratype</i>: • 1 male, same data but “ TU-01083 ” (XU).</p><p><b>Diagnosis.</b></p><p>The new species differs from <i>H.</i> (<i>M.</i>) <i>batanga</i> in having thicker rami, less contrasting forewings, and slightly darker hindwings (compare Figs 3, 4 with Fig. 2). The male genitalia which are lacking a clavus have wider ampulla, an unprotruded costa, a downcurved phallus, cornuti at the top of the dorsal diverticulum, and flat posterior elasma (compare Figs 3, 4 with Fig. 2). The new species was collected within the Northeast Himalayan subalpine coniferous forest ecoregion, which contrasts with <i>H.</i> (<i>M.</i>) <i>batanga</i>, which was collected within the Southeast Tibet shrublands and meadows.</p><p><b>Description.</b></p><p><b>Male</b> (Figs 3, 4). <i>Antenna</i> bipectinate, <i>rami</i> gradually elongating towards mid third of antenna and then gradually shortening in distal third. <i>Flagellum</i> covered with greyish scales. <i>Head</i> dorsally, <i>patagium</i> and <i>tegula</i> grey-mottled. <i>Thorax</i> dorsally dark grey-mottled. <i>Abdomen</i> dorsally greyish-brown mottled at tergites II to III and at distal tip, whereas tergites IV to VIII covered with blackish scales. <i>Forewing</i> 23.3 mm long; somewhat triangular, elongate and relatively narrow with obtuse tornal angle, slightly crenulate outer margin, prominence at M 3, and tapered apex. Pattern consist of greyish-brown mottled basal, medial, subterminal and terminal fields, with subterminal field being the lightest; dark-brown, narrow, basal streak inside light-greyish-brown claviform spot bordered with dark-brown, wavy antemedial line; orbicular and reniform spots with light-brown and sparse dark-brown scales and dark-brown contour; dark-brown, crenulate postmedial line; blurred, dark-brown streak from posterior margin of reniform spot towards apex of wing; blurred, dark-brown, zigzag subterminal line with whitish posterior streaks; more or less pronounced dark-brown tornal streak; and blackish terminal line interrupted at veins. Cilia greyish-brown mottled. <i>Hindwing</i> somewhat triangular with rounded apex and slightly crenulated outer margin. Light brown, getting darker at distal margin of discal cell and towards outer margin. Cilia brown-mottled. <i>Male genitalia</i> (Figs 7, 8). <i>Uncus</i> somewhat digitiform, basally bent at around 90 °, apically narrowed to pointed apex. <i>Tegumen</i> a band narrowing towards connection with vinculum. <i>Vinculum</i> somewhat longer than tegumen, ventrally forms U-shaped saccus. <i>Valva</i> elongate, about the size of tegumen – vinculum complex, with well-pronounced sclerotized costa and sacculus, membrane between them, and membranous valvula, all sparsely covered with setae; distal third of costa less sclerotized, medially connected with rather short editum bearing somewhat trapezoidal ampulla with wavy distal margin and two lateral rounded apices, posterior one two times longer than anterior one; sacculus narrowing towards barely protruded rounded distal apex; both valvae joint with tendon. <i>Juxta</i> an elongated, distally narrowing plate. <i>Anellus</i> small, with smooth surface. <i>Phallus</i> as long as valva, slightly downcurved medially, with elongate coecum and wide entrance of ductus ejaculatorius; <i>vesica</i> somewhat conical, downcurved, with dorsal spherical diverticulum distally bearing three or four aligned cornuti, two elasmas pronounced at base of vesica ejaculatorius: anterior one somewhat oval, with fuzzy margin, weakly sclerotized (Fig. 8), and posterior one somewhat oval or heart-shaped with well-pronounced proximal margin and fuzzy distal margin, sclerotized harder than anterior one. <b>Female</b> unknown.</p><p><b>Biology and distribution (Figs 9–11).</b></p><p>The type series was collected from an altitude of 3,200 m on 23 August between 21: 10 p. m. and 1: 20 a. m. when the temperature was 15–16 ° C and the relative humidity was around 60 %. Adult moths collected there belonged to the families Noctuidae, Geometridae, Lasiocampidae, and Cossidae, with Noctuidae dominating in both numbers of species and individuals. The collection site was at the bottom of an alpine valley where the plant community was primarily dominated by <i>Pinus densata</i> and <i>Quercus aquifolioides</i>, while the main plant community at the valley floor consisted of small shrubs. The collecting site lies within the Northeast Himalayan subalpine coniferous forest ecoregion.</p><p><b>Etymology.</b></p><p>The name <i>silvana</i> is a feminine derivative from the Latin noun <i>silva</i> meaning forest, given to the species for its occurrence near the Northeast Himalayan subalpine coniferous forest.</p>