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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Formato: | Recurso digital |
| Idioma: | |
| Publicado: |
Zenodo
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Acceso en liña: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17376608 |
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Table of Contents:
- <div> <p><strong><em><span>Abstract</span></em></strong></p> <p><em><span>Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has become a vital tool for Earth observation owing to its capability to capture data under all-weather and day–night conditions. The performance of SAR systems is strongly influenced by their operating frequency bands, each offering distinct penetration depths and scattering properties. This review highlights the applications of major SAR frequency bands—X, C, L, S, and P—in environmental monitoring and sustainable resource management. X-band is effective for high-resolution urban mapping and infrastructure monitoring, while C-band is widely applied in agriculture, soil moisture estimation, flood detection, and sea-ice studies. L-band enables deeper vegetation penetration, supporting biomass estimation, forest structure analysis, and soil roughness characterization. The upcoming S-band, as implemented in NASA–ISRO’s NISAR mission, is expected to bridge soil and vegetation studies with balanced sensitivity. P-band, though less common, provides deeper canopy and subsurface insights, particularly valuable for biomass and geology. By comparing frequency-dependent applications, this paper underscores the potential of SAR in advancing sustainable environmental monitoring and climate resilience.</span></em></p> </div>