Salvato in:
| Autore principale: | |
|---|---|
| Natura: | Recurso digital |
| Lingua: | francese |
| Pubblicazione: |
Zenodo
2025
|
| Soggetti: | |
| Accesso online: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17624863 |
| Tags: |
Aggiungi Tag
Nessun Tag, puoi essere il primo ad aggiungerne!!
|
Sommario:
- <p>This strategic note examines forty years of IMF and World Bank interventions in Madagascar’s Water–Sanitation–Hygiene (WASH) sector, in a context of rapid demographic growth, accelerated urbanization, and recurrent climate pressures. It reviews the cumulative effects of macroeconomic policies, conditionalities, and financing architectures on sector performance between 1984 and 2024.<br>Using publicly available sources (JMP 1990–2022, PER 2017–2021, JIRAMA reports, IMF Article IV, IEG evaluations), the analysis identifies how expenditure ceilings, wage bill restrictions, tariff adjustments, subsidy reductions, and institutional fragmentation shaped the evolution of essential services.<br>The findings reveal modest progress in access to services (+10 percentage points for drinking water and +8 points for sanitation), structural deficits within the national utility JIRAMA (–190 M USD in 2022), and high physical losses (45%). The note situates these trends at the intersection of external (donor policies), internal (governance), and structural factors (demography, urbanization, climate).<br>It provides a cumulative reading of four decades of interventions to inform future public policy choices and strategic investment decisions.</p>