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| Format: | Recurso digital |
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| Wydane: |
Zenodo
2025
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| Hasła przedmiotowe: | |
| Dostęp online: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17815442 |
| Etykiety: |
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Spis treści:
- <p><span>Early detection continues to be the key factor in decreasing malignancy-related morbidity and mortality. This review provides an overview of the key concepts, current techniques, as well as new manifestations in cancer screening and its follow-up and diagnosis. Good screening is measured by WHO criteria (identifiable latent stage, test acceptable to and feasible among the target population, early detection must be beneficial in terms of morbidity or mortality with benefits outweighing negative effects of false positives, false negatives and over-diagnosis). <sup>[14,25] </sup>Existing programs, e.g., mammography for breast cancer, Pap/HPV testing for cervical cancer, or colonoscopy/stool-based tests for colorectal cancer are based on imaging (or Cytology), and Biomarker based detection at the presymptomatic stage of the disease. A positive screening test requires further evaluation that includes clinical examination, tissue tumour markers, and sophisticated imaging Studies Extend (CT, MRI, PET); the definitive diagnosis is obtained by histopathologic analysis of a Tissue Biopsy. The field is rapidly changing, thanks to the introduction of technologies such as liquid biopsy—analysis of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) for multi-cancer detection (MCD)—as well as integration of artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies to improve sensitivity and specificity of radiological and pathological examinations. "Effective cancer control in the future will depend upon optimizing participation levels at the population for such screening and integrating these high-tech molecular and computational advances into a transparent, clearly evidence-based clinical pathway."<sup>[15,35]</sup></span><span lang="EN-US">.</span></p>