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| Autors principals: | , , |
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| Format: | Recurso digital |
| Idioma: | |
| Publicat: |
Zenodo
2013
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| Matèries: | |
| Accés en línia: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18430407 |
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Taula de continguts:
- <p><b><b>Node 235:</b> Stevardiinae except <i>Bryconamericus mennii</i>, <i>Cyanocharax alburnus</i> (Hensel), and <i>Hemibrycon</i> (36/<1).</b></p><p>The relatively basal position of <i>Cyanocharax alburnus</i> in the Stevardiinae was not explicitly proposed in previous studies. <i>Cyanocharax alburnus</i> lacks most features that were considered by Malabarba & Weitzman (2003) as presumably apomorphic for the genus, with the exception of the presence of only six branched pelvic-fin rays. <i>Cyanocharax</i> Malabarba & Weitzman is polyphyletic according to our results, with <i>C. obi</i> as the sister group of a clade composed of <i>Acrobrycon</i>, <i>Argopleura</i>, <i>Diapoma</i>, <i>Mimagoniates</i>, and <i>Pseudocorynopoma</i>. However, those relationships have a low support, and that is also the case of most basal clades of the Stevardiinae. In the phylogeny proposed by Oliveira <i>et al.</i> (2011), which was based on molecular data, <i>Cyanocharax alburnus</i> is deeply nested within the Stevardiinae, as the sister group of a clade composed of <i>Bryconamericus exodon</i>, <i>Hypobrycon maromba</i> Malabarba & Malabarba, and <i>Odontostoechus lethostigmus</i> Gomes. The phylogeny proposed by Javonillo <i>et al.</i> (2010) included four species of <i>Cyanocharax</i>. In the hypotheses presented by those authors, <i>Cyanocharax</i> is paraphyletic, since it includes <i>Diapoma</i>. A phylogenetic hypothesis for <i>Cyanocharax</i> was published in the description of <i>Cyanocharax obi</i> (Casciotta <i>et al.</i>, 2012). In that analysis, the outgroup was composed of unspecified species of <i>Bryconamericus</i> Eigenmann, <i>Diapoma</i>, <i>Knodus</i> Eigenmann, and <i>Odontostoechus</i> Gomes. Casciotta <i>et al.</i> (2012) conducted two different analyses: a morphological one, in which no species of other genera were included to test the monophyly of <i>Cyanocharax</i>, and a Bayesian analysis including only molecular data. In their molecular phylogeny, Casciotta <i>et al.</i> (2012) also obtained <i>Cyanocharax</i> as paraphyletic in terms of <i>Diapoma</i>.</p><p><b>Synapomorphy:</b></p><p><b>1. Bony hooks at base of pelvic-fin rays of adult males (313):</b> (0> 1) as numerous as on segmented portion of rays. Reversed in <i>Argopleura magdalenensis</i>, <i>Bryconamericus agna</i>, <i>Creagrutus atrisignum</i>, <i>C. cracentis</i>, and <i>Piabarchus analis</i>.</p>