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Bibliografiske detaljer
Main Authors:	de Lucena, Carlos A. S., Castro, Jonas Blanco, Bertaco, Vinicius A.
Format:	Recurso digital
Sprog:
Udgivet:	Zenodo 2013
Fag:	Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Chordata Characiformes Characidae Astyanax
Online adgang:	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18434977
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Key to the species of Astyanax from the rio Uruguay basin and laguna dos Patos and rio Tramandaí systems1. Anterior humeral spot distinctively oval-shaped ............ 21’. Anterior humeral spot vertically elongate or other form but never oval-shaped ................................................................ 32. Two diffuse vertical brown bars in the humeral area (the first through humeral spot and the second 2-3 scales behind; branched anal-fin rays 22-28; absence of maxillary teeth; all fins green-yellow pigmented in life ....................................................... Astyanax jacuhiensis (laguna dos Patos and rio Tramandaí systems, and rio Uruguay basin)2’. Humeral spot not crossed by vertical bar and posterior bar absent, with a narrow anteroventral downward extension surpassing the lateral line; branched anal-fin rays 15-23; maxilla with 1 to 3 teeth; all fins red-orange pigmented in life ........................................................... Astyanax laticeps (coastal drainages of Uruguay and Brazil to south of the Paraná State and rio Uruguay basin)3. Presence of two humeral spots, the second diffuse or not ................................................................................................. 43’.Presence of only one humeral spot (except in A. eigenmanniorum which may have a faint second humeral spot) .................................................................................... 154. Maxillary tooth developed, with 6 or 7 cusps ................... 54’.Maxillary tooth undeveloped, with 5 or less cusps .......... 65. Five scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line; males with bony hooks on all fins ................... Astyanax ojiara (rioYaboti, Missiones, upper rio Uruguay basin in Argentina)5’.Six to seven scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line; males with bony hooks on the anal and pelvic fins ............................................................... Astyanax dissensus (laguna dos Patos and rio Tramandaí systems, and rio Uruguay basin)6. Anterior humeral spot vertically elongate with upper portion wider, lower portion narrow and curved, with a pronounced constriction at the junction of both portions. Second and third tooth of inner premaxillary row wide distally, and with six to seven cusps ................................................................. 76’. Anterior humeral spot with the dorsal portion slightly wider than ventral portion, with a smooth constriction at the junction of both portions. Second and third tooth of inner premaxillary row narrow, and with three to five cusps .................................................................................................... 97. Prepelvic distance 51.4-55.3% of SL, mean = 53.2%; prepectoral distance 27.6-29.4% of SL, mean = 28.5%; anal-fin base length 20.4-24.4% of SL, mean = 22.6% ............................................................... Astyanax obscurus (Caí and Taquari-Antas river drainages, laguna dos Patos system)7’.Prepelvic distance 47.5-52.6% of SL, mean = 49.6%; prepectoral distance 23.4-27.3% of SL, mean = 25.3%; anal-fin base length 23.3-29.8% of SL, mean = 25.2% ................ 88. Body depth 38.6-46.0% of SL; pelvic-fin length 16.1-18.7% of SL, mean = 17.2%; dorsal-fin length 24.1-28.7% of SL, mean = 26.0%; males without bony hooks on the fins ................................................................... Astyanax procerus (rio Jacuí and Taquari-Antas river drainages, laguna dos Patos system)8’.Body depth 32.5-37.5% of SL; pelvic-fin length 13.6-17.1% of SL, mean = 15.3%; dorsal-fin length 21.1-25.4% of SL, mean = 23.1%; males with bony hooks on the anal and pelvic fins ...................................................... Astyanax xiru (Caí and Taquari-Antas river drainages and upper rio Jacuí, laguna dos Patos system, and upper rio Uruguay basin)9. Branched anal-fin rays 12-18 ............................................. 109’.Branched anal-fin rays 20-31 ............................................. 1110. Branched anal-fin rays 12-16, usually 13-14, mean = 14.0; small orbital diameter 24.8-34.8% of HL, mean = 29.0%; large caudal peduncle depth 12.2-15.3% of SL, mean = 13.6% ............................................ Astyanax brachypterygium (upper rio Uruguay basin and upper rio das Antas basin, rio Jacuí basin)10’.Branched anal-fin rays 14-18, usually 16-17, mean = 16.1; large orbital diameter 28.1-37.7% of HL, mean = 32.1% in paratypes and mean = 35.1% in non-types see Bertaco & Malabarba, 2001: fig. 6; small caudal peduncle depth 10.4- 14.2% of SL, mean = 12.9% ............... Astyanax cremnobates (upper portions of rio Jacuí and rio Tramandaí drainages)11. Lateral line scales 34-36; total number of gill rakers of first arch 18-23.............................................................................1211’.Lateral line scales 37-41; total number of gill rakers of first arch 22-30 ............................................................................ 1312. Maxilla with 3 to 4 teeth; two humeral spots (second humeral spot darkened) ......................... Astyanax paris (upper rio Uruguay basin)12’.Maxilla with one tooth; one or two humeral spots (when present the second humeral spot is diffuse) ............. .......................................... Astyanax eigenmanniorum (laguna dos Patos and rio Tramandaí systems, and rio Uruguay basin)13. Anal-fin origin at vertical through base of last dorsal-fin rays or posterior; 15-19 gill rakers on lower branch of first arch; males with bony hooks in the anal and pelvic fins ............................................................ Astyanax henseli (laguna dos Patos system and rio Uruguay basin)13’.Anal-fin origin at vertical through base of sixth and seventh branched dorsal-fin rays; 11-15 gill rakers on lower branch of first arch..............................................................1414. Orbital diameter 41.1-45.5% of HL, mean = 43.2%; 5 scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin; males without bony hooks on the fins ........ Astyanax saguazu (rio Uruguay basin)14’.Orbital diameter 33.3-41.4% of HL, mean = 38.9 %; 6-7 scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin; males with bony hooks in all fins .............................. ................................................. Astyanax stenohalinus (laguna dos Patos system and rio Uruguay basin)15. Humeral spot extending over the series of scales above and below the lateral line, forming a uniform wedge, and extending over 5 to 6 horizontal series of scales (lower portion extending over two horizontal series of scales below lateral line); lateral line scales 34-36; total number of gill rakers 18-23; branched anal-fin rays 20-25 ................. ............................................ Astyanax eigenmanniorum (laguna dos Patos and rio Tramandaí systems, and rio Uruguay basin)15’.Humeral spot located usually above of the lateral line scales, not forming a uniform wedge, and rarely extending over 1 or 2 horizontal series of scales below lateral line (totalizing 4 to 5 horizontal series of scales); lateral line scales 37-42; total number of gill rakers 22-29; branched anal-fin rays 23-29 ............................................................... 1616. Third infraorbital with one branch of laterosensory canal directed ventrally, and with pores; bony hooks in all fin of males; presence of tubercles over head and scales; humeral spot diffuse, oval-shaped or trapezoidal, located above lateral line ............................................. Astyanax aramburui (lower rio Uruguay and rio Paraná basins)16’.Third infraorbital with branch of laterosensory canal directed ventrally, absent; bony hooks in anal and pelvic fin rays of males; absence of tubercles; humeral spot usually conspicuous, vertically elongate and located above of the lateral line scales (in some specimens the humeral spot is located above of lateral line) ............. ................................................................ Astyanax aff. fasciatus (sensu Melo & Buckup, 2006; laguna dos Patos and rio Tramandaí system, and middle and lower rio Uruguay basin)

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