תוכן הענינים: :: Library Catalog

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מידע ביבליוגרפי
Main Authors:	Cai, Bo, Gou, Yubo, Wang, Gang, Liu, Fengjing, Liang, Dong, Gu, Xiaodong, Gu, Haijun, Fang, Haolong, Liu, Yuzhou, Li, Qiujie, Ding, Li
פורמט:	Recurso digital
שפה:
יצא לאור:	Zenodo 2026
נושאים:	Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Chordata Squamata Viperidae Trimeresurus Trimeresurus lii
גישה מקוונת:	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18435071
תגים:	הוספת תג אין תגיות, היה/י הראשונ/ה לתייג את הרשומה!

תוכן הענינים:

Trimeresurus lii Cai, Liu, Liang, Wang & Ding sp. nov.Trimeresurus stejnegeri stejnegeri in west part of Sichuan. Zhao (2003).Type materials.Holotype. • CIB 122871 (field number CB 249 CD 017), adult male, collected from Xiling Town in Giant Panda National Park, Chengdu Area, Sichuan Province, China (30.68 ° N, 103.25 ° E; elevation 1,167 m a. s. l.), collected by the team of Bo Cai in 2025.Paratypes (n = 14, all from Sichuan Province, China). • CIB 122872 (adult female, field number CB 2119) and • CIB CB 2110 (adult female), along with • CIB CB 2105, • CIB CB 2120, and • CIB CB 2121 (adult males), collected from Emei Mountain Scenic Area in Emeishan City, Sichuan Province, China, by the team of Bo Cai in July 2021. • CNU 202109 (adult male) collected by the team of Gang Wang in September 2021. • CIB 83925 (field number 562142) and • CIB 13787 (field number 562141) (adult males), along with • CIB 13785 (field number 561785) and • CIB 13786 (field number 562191) (adult females), collected by Cheng-Chao Liu, Fuhua Liu et al. in 1956. • CIB 13772 (field number 639162), • CIB 13783 (field number 639163), and • CIB 13782 (field number 639246) (adult males) collected by Chenghan Liu in 1963. All these species are from Emei Mountain Scenic Area in Emeishan City. • CIB CB 2127 adult male collected by the team of Bo Cai in September 2021 from Yuping Mountain Scenic Area in Hongya County, Meishan City.Other types(n = 4, all from Sichuan Province, China). • CIB 13775 (field number CIB 561786, juvenile female), collected by Cheng-Chao Liu, Fuhua Liu et al. in 1956. • CIB CB 249 CD 01 (subadult male), • CIB CB 249 CD 02 (juvenile female), and • CIB CB 249 CD 03 (juvenile male) were collected by Bo Cai’s team during July – September 2024 and 2025 from the Xiling Snow Mountain Scenic Area in the Giant Panda National Park, Chengdu City.Etymology.The specific epithet lii is a Latinized genitive form honoring LI Er (c. 6 th – 5 th century BCE), traditionally revered as Laozi, the ancient Chinese philosopher whose teachings emphasize harmonious coexistence between humans and nature — a principle that aligns closely with the conservation ethos of the Giant Panda National Park, where this species was discovered. The known distribution of Trimeresurus lii sp. nov. in western Sichuan Province falls within the West China Rain Zone, a region historically associated with the early development of Daoist thought. In light of its geographic range and ecological context, we propose ‘ Huaxi Green Pitviper’ as the English common name and ‘ 华西竹叶青蛇’ (Huáx&imacr; Zhúyèq&imacr;ng Shé) as the Chinese name.Diagnosis(Table 2). This new species can be distinguished from all of its congeners by the following combination of morphological characters: (1) dorsal scale rows 21-21 - 15; (2) ventrals 152–167 in males and 160–168 in females; (3) subcaudals 64–75 in males and 63–70 in females; (4) skin coloration is black to dark gray, and body coloration is grass green without bands or markings in both sexes; (5) eye color is amber in males and orange-yellow in females; (6) postocular stripe is red and white, extending to the 2 nd supralabial in males, but yellow or faintly developed yellow in females; (7) ventrolateral stripe is white (above) and red (below) in males, but yellow in females; (8) temporal scales and occipital scales smooth, dorsal scales rhomboid, feebly keeled except the first row of scales, which are smooth in both sexes.Morphology of holotype CIB 122871(Fig. 3). Adult male: body cylindrical and elongated (SVL 457 mm, TAL 110 mm, TL 567 mm); tail relatively long (TAL / TL ratio 0.19). Head triangular, elongated, distinctly separated from neck; head length 24.5 mm (HL / SVL 0.054), head height 8.8 mm, head width 16.3 mm (HW / HL 0.665). Rostral-to-eye distance 8.8 mm bilaterally; eye-to-nostril distance 6.3 mm; interorbital distance 11.2 mm; eye-to-lip distance 3.5 mm; rostral width 3.1 mm. Eyes large (ED 3.0 mm, ED / HL 0.122); vertically elliptical pupil. Distance between the nasal scales 4.04 mm.Rostral scale clearly visible on dorsal head, about 1 / 2 internasal scale size. Internasal scales 3, distinctly enlarged; 10 small scales between the supraocular scales. Nasal scale single, undivided, separated from first supralabial, and nostril positioned centrally within the nasal scale. Supralabial 9 / 8 (second supralabial forms anterior margin of loreal pit, third largest; right third and fourth fused). Infralabial 12 / 11. Supraocular 1 / 1. Postnasal 7. A triangular loreal pit is present, bordered by the 2 nd supralabial and the middle and lower preocular scales, and positioned closer to the eye than to the nostril. Two small scales lie between the 2 nd supralabial and the nasal scale. Preocular 3 / 3. Postocular 2 / 2. Suborbital 1 / 1 (half enters orbit). Ventrals 154. Subcaudals 68. Dorsal scale rows 21-21 - 15. Anal scale single. Cephalic scales, temporal scales and occipital scales smooth, dorsal scales rhomboid and feebly keeled, except for the first row of scales, which are smooth.Coloration in life CIB 122871(Fig. 3). The skin coloration is bluish-gray. The dorsal scales on the head and body are uniformly grassy green, lacking bands or other markings. The ventral scales are yellow-green. The iris is amber. A distinct white postocular streak originates at the 2 nd supralabial. It extends posteriorly, traversing the subocular scale and terminating at the posterior margin of the ultimate supralabial, before continuing onto the neck where it merges with the ventrolateral stripe. The postocular streak forms three distinct layers in the temporal region: red in the upper and lower layers and white in the middle. The ventrolateral stripe runs along the outermost row of dorsal scales onto the tail, where it borders the subcaudal scales on both sides. From the body to the cloacal region, this stripe exhibits a tricolor pattern on the outermost dorsal scales: faint yellow (upper), white (middle), and red (lower). Beyond the cloacal region onto the tail, the yellow fades and disappears, the white gradually diminishes at mid-tail, and the red progressively extends into the distal portions of the subcaudal scales and the caudal scales. The posterior portion of the tail is brown both dorsally and ventrally. The terminus of the tail is dull reddish-brown.Hemipenial morphology(Fig. 4). The hemipenis from CIB CB 2120 extends to the 8 th subcaudal scale; the sperm groove bifurcates at the 7 th subcaudal scale and follows a Y-shape. The distal portion is differentiated into the calyx region, and the proximal portion into the spine region. The calycozone occupies approximately half the surface area of the acanthozone, with a distinct boundary between the two regions. The calyces are cup-shaped, uniform in morphology and size, with smooth margins. The hemipenial base and the bifurcation point lack spines. Approximately 24 spines of varying sizes are distributed within the acanthozone, with the six basal spines being the largest.Variation.The species exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism in coloration from the juvenile stage. Females display a yellow ventrolateral stripe, whereas males exhibit a bicolored pattern with white (above) and red (below). In juveniles: female CIB CB 249 CD 02 bears a yellow postocular streak. Male subadult CIB CB 249 CD 01 has an indistinct postocular streak extending toward the 2 nd supralabial. Male juvenile CIB CB 249 CD 03 bears white dorsal spots spaced approximately 5 mm apart (Fig. 5 E, F). In adult males, the postocular streak consistently extends to the 2 nd supralabial, with variable anterior extension: CIB CB 2127 reaches the nasal scale. Females retain a faint postocular streak in the head lateral aspect (e. g., holotype CIB 122872).Comparison.Based on the molecular data, Trimeresurus lii sp. nov. is found to be a member of subgenus Viridovipera. The species differs from all the known members of Viridovipera by the following characters (Table 5).Trimeresurus lii sp. nov. differs from T. stejnegeri by having: (1) higher max SVL in both sexes (675 mm vs. 635 mm [male], 795 mm vs. 670 mm [female]); (2) temporal scales smooth (vs. keeled); (3) occipital scales smooth (vs. keeled); (4) eye color amber (male) and orange-yellow (female) (vs. bright red or amber [male] and yellow or amber [female]); (5) postocular streak extends to the 2 nd supralabial, red + white in males (vs. red + white or white, does not extend to the loreal pit); (6) ventrolateral stripe yellow in females (vs. white (above) and red (below) or white or yellow).Trimeresurus lii sp. nov. differs from T. loong by having: (1) higher max SVL in both sexes (675 mm vs. 601 mm [male], 795 mm vs. 657 mm [female]); (2) higher number of ventral scales (152–167 [161.4 ± 4.6] vs. 150–151 [150.3 ± 0.5] in males, 160–168 [163.5 ± 3.3] vs. 157–158 [157.5 ± 0.7] in females); (3) higher SC in females (63–70 [65.3 ± 3.3] vs. 57–64 [60.5 ± 4.9]); MSR 21 (vs. 19); (4) eye color orange-yellow in females (vs. yellowish); (5) postocular streak extends to the 2 nd supralabial, red + white in males (vs. thin and white, with a few scale margins slightly tinged with yellow or reddish-brown); (6) ventrolateral stripe yellow in females (vs. absent or white, thin).Trimeresurus lii sp. nov. differs from T. truongsonensis by having: (1) temporal scales smooth (vs. keeled); (2) cephalic scales smooth (vs. keeled); (3) eye color amber (male) and orange-yellow (female) (vs. greenish-yellow in both sexes); (4) postocular streak extends to the 2 nd supralabial, red + white in males (vs. absent in both sexes); (5) ventrolateral stripe white (above) and red (below) in males (vs. red + brown, wide); (6) body coloration uniformly grass-green (vs. greenish blue with brown broad bands); (7) higher maximum SVL in both sexes (675 mm vs. 521 mm in males, 795 mm vs. 488 mm in females); (8) lower number of ventral scales in males (152–167 vs. 170–190); (9) tail red (vs. not red).Trimeresurus lii sp. nov. differs from T. vogeli by having: (1) eye color amber (male) and orange-yellow (female) (vs. light orange in both sexes); (2) postocular streak extends to the 2 nd supralabial, red + white in males (vs. absent or faint white and does not extends to the loreal pit); (3) ventrolateral stripe yellow in females (vs. pale yellow + white, thin in females); (4) lower maximum SVL in females (795 mm vs. 947 mm); (5) tail red (vs. not red).Trimeresurus lii sp. nov. differs from T. yunnanensis by having: (1) eye color amber (male) and orange-yellow (female) (vs. deep red or sepia in males, golden yellow in females); (2) postocular streak extends to the 2 nd supralabial, red + white in males (vs. not extending to the loreal pit); (3) lower maximum SVL in both sexes (675 mm vs. 700 mm in males, 795 mm vs. 1047 mm in females); (4) ventrolateral stripe yellow in females (vs. white or absent); (5) higher number of subcaudal scales in females (63–70 vs. 53–64); (6) higher number of MSR (21 vs. 19–21).Trimeresurus lii sp. nov. differs from T. mayaae by having: (1) eye color amber (male) and orange-yellow (female) (vs. rusty or greenish in males, greenish in females); (2) postocular streak extends to the 2 nd supralabial, red + white in males (vs. white and not extending to the loreal pit or absent); (3) higher maximum SVL in both sexes (675 mm vs. 610 mm in males, 795 mm vs. 590 mm in females); (4) higher number of ventral scales in females (160–168 vs. 152–153); (5) higher number of subcaudal scales in both sexes (64–75 vs. 54–69 in males, 63–70 vs. 53–55 in females).Trimeresurus lii sp. nov. differs from T. medoensis by having: (1) eye color amber (male) and orange-yellow (female) (vs. green or yellowish green in both sexes); (2) postocular streak extends to the 2 nd supralabial, red + white in males (vs. absent or faint white and extends to the loreal pit); (3) higher maximum SVL in both sexes (675 mm vs. 553 mm in males, 795 mm vs. 624 mm in females); (4) higher number of ventral scales in both sexes (152–167 vs. 146–151 in males, 160–168 vs. 145–147 in females); (5) higher number of subcaudal scales in both sexes (64–75 vs. 55–59 in males, 63–70 vs. 58–60 in females); (6) higher number of ASR and MSR scales (21 vs. 17 in both sexes).Trimeresurus lii sp. nov. differs from T. nujiang by having: (1) eye color amber (male) and orange-yellow (female) (vs. golden-yellow in both sexes); (2) postocular streak extends to the 2 nd supralabial, red + white in males (vs. absent); (3) lower number of ventral scales in males (152–167 vs. 164–173); (4) higher number of subcaudal scales in males (64–75 vs. 59–68) and higher in females (63–70 vs. 57–60); (5) higher number of MSR scales (21 vs. 19 in both sexes); (6) SC all paired (vs. partly single).Trimeresurus lii sp. nov. differs from T. pretiosus by having: (1) postocular streak extends to the 2 nd supralabial, red + white in males (vs. absent or very faint, thin white and not extending to the loreal pit); (2) higher maximum SVL in both sexes (675 mm vs. 516 mm in males, 795 mm vs. 512 mm in females); (3) higher number of ventral scales in both sexes (152–167 vs. 140–143 in males, 160–168 vs. 150–158 in females); (4) higher number of subcaudal scales in both sexes (64–75 vs. 56–68 in males, 63–70 vs. 54 in females); (5) SC all paired (vs. partly single); (6) higher number of MSR scales (21 vs. 19 in both sexes).

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