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Main Authors:	Shinoda, Haruki, Fujita, Hiroki, Toyota, Kenji, Nakano, Tomoyuki, Shimomura, Michitaka
Formato:	Recurso digital
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Publicado em:	Zenodo 2026
Assuntos:	Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Malacostraca Isopoda Bopyridae Athelges Athelges pileus
Acesso em linha:	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18775477
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Athelges pileus Shinoda & Shimomura sp. nov.Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 [New Japanese name: Kinoko-o-harayadori]Material examined.Holotype: Japan • &female; (TL 13.3 mm), infesting Diogenes edwardsii (SL 8.4 mm); Ishikawa, off the coast of Noto Peninsula, Sosogi; 37°27'36.3"N, 137°04'27.8"E; approximately 13 m depth; 31 July 2023; K. Toyota, K. Tsunoda, T. Sumi, and Tone leg. Basket trap; GenBank: accession numbers LC 876712.1, LC 876714.1, LC 876786.1; SMBL -V 0856. Allotype: Japan • &male; (TL 3.4 mm), data same as for holotype; SMBL -V 0857. Paratype: Japan • &female; (TL 10.1 mm), infesting Diogenes edwardsii (SL 7.2 mm), data same as for holotype; GenBank: accession numbers LC 876713.1, LC 876715.1, LC 876787.1; SMBL -V 0858.Diagnosis.Female: head deeply sunk in thorax, anterior margin of frontal lamina concave; anterolateral margin of head with pair of notches; merus of pereopod 1 with broad and long projection ventrally; pereopods 5 and 6 with large gap between them; pleomeres 1–4 each with subovate biramous pleopods; each pleopod with peduncle, becoming smaller posteriorly; pleotelson with mushroom-shaped end.Male: pleon subovate with anal cone distally.Description of holotype female.(Figs 1, 2, 3, 4) Total length 13.3 mm, maximal width 5.1 mm; head length 2.1 mm, head width 2.2 mm, pleon length 5.3 mm. Body: head and pereon nearly symmetrical, pleon slightly turning towards left. Head, pereomeres 1–7, pleomeres 1–4, pleotelson distinctly separated (Fig. 2 A – C).Head (Fig. 2 A) as long as wide, with frontal lamina: posterior and lateral margins convex. Frontal lamina fused with head. Eyes lacking. Antennule (Fig. 2 D) of three articles: each article with fine setae distally; article 1 with some scales. Antenna (Fig. 2 E) of five articles: articles 1–3 with some scales; articles 2–4 with fine setae distally. Maxilliped (Fig. 2 F) with elongate subrectangular anterior lobe lacking palp: smaller, rounded posterior lobe bearing long, thin, acute spur. Barbula (Fig. 2 G) with three short, distally acute lobes laterally on each side. Posterior digitate extension (Fig. 2 G) on pereomere 2.Pereon (Fig. 2 A) of seven pereomeres, broadest at pereomeres 5 and 6, tapering anteriorly and posteriorly: pereomeres 1–5 anteriorly concave and posteriorly convex; pereomeres 6 and 7 anteriorly convex and posteriorly concave. Oostegites (Fig. 2 B) completely enclosing brood pouch. Oostegite 1 (Fig. 2 H, I) extended over head: anterior lobe laterally expanded and folded; posterior lobe with broad anterior margin tapering to posterior rounded tip; ridge of posterior margin slightly undulate. Oostegite 5 with fringe of setae on posterior margin; each seta of oostegite 5 approximately 0.4 mm in length. All pereopods (Fig. 3 A – G) with distinct segmentation: propodi each with some scales; carpi each with distoventral tuft of setae. Pereopods 1–5 (Fig. 3 A – E) carpi each with bearing simple scales. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 3 A) anterior to head: ischium with simple scales. Pereopods 1–3 (Fig. 3 A – C) parallel to head. Pereopod 4 (Fig. 3 D): ischium with simple scales. Pereopods 2–5 (Fig. 3 B – E): meri each with projection distoventrally. Bases and ischia of pereopods 6 and 7 (Fig. 3 F, G) longer than pereopods 1–5.Pleon (Fig. 2 A, C) of five pleomeres, pleomeres 1–4 and pleotelson dorsally distinct. Pleomere 1 with broad pleopods (Fig. 4 A): endopod reniform; exopod subovate. Pleomeres 2–4 each with subovate pleopods (Fig. 4 B – D). Pleotelson without uropods: distal end mushroom-shapedDescription of male.(Figs 5, 6) Total length 3.4 mm, maximum width 1.3 mm; head length 0.3 mm, head width 0.9 mm, pleon length 1.0 mm. Head (Fig. 5 A) subovate, widest posteriorly, fused with pereomere 1 medially. Small eyes near posterolateral margins. Antennule (Fig. 5 D) of three articles: all articles with fine setae distally, article 2 with seta medially. Antenna (Fig. 5 E) of seven articles: articles 3–7 with some setae distally. Pereon widest at pereomeres 4 and 5: pereomeres 1–4 slightly tapering anteriorly; pereomeres 5–7 slightly curved posterolaterally. Pereopods 2–7 (Fig. 6 B – G) similar in size; pereomere 7 fused with pleon ventrally. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 6 A) smaller than pereopods 2–7. All pereopods with distinct articles: dactyli each with some setae on lateral and ventral margins; propodi each with some setae and few blunt teeth on ventral margin near to insertion of tip of dactylus; carpi each with tuft of setae and some scales on distoventral margin, with seta on lateral margin. Pereopods 1–5 (Fig. 6 A – E); meri each with seta on distoventral margin, ischia each with two setae on ventral margin. Pereopods 6 and 7 (Fig. 6 F, G); ischia each with seta on ventral margin. Pleon (Fig. 5 A, B) subovate, all pleomeres fused without lateral indication of segmentation; posterior margin rounded (Fig. 5 C), anal cone distally, without pleopods.Remarks.The present species was identified as belonging to the genus Athelges Gerstaecker, 1862 by the lack of lateral plates and by the presence of a cylindrical pleon. Athelges pileus sp. nov. is similar to Athelges ankistron Markham, 2010 from Australia and Athelges caudalis Barnard, 1955 from South Africa in having the pleotelson of the female produced into a prominent, reflexed, anchor-shaped end (An et al. 2022). Athelges pileus sp. nov. is distinguished from A. ankistron by the following features (those of A. ankistron given in parentheses): pleon extended posteriorly in female (pleon reflexed back), anterolateral margin of head with pair of notches in female (anterolateral margin of head without notches), antenna of five articles in female (antenna of six articles), pereomeres 5 and 6 broadest in female (all pereomeres same width), carpus of pereopod 1 with broad and long projection ventrally in female (carpus of pereopod 1 with projection distoventrally), pereomeres 2–5 with anterior narrowing on dorsal surface in female (pereomeres 2–5 in nearly straight lines on dorsal surface), pereopods 5 and 6 with large gap between them in female (without large gap), pleotelson without uropods, with mushroom-shaped end in female (pleotelson produced into two reflexed posterolateral lobes), antenna of seven articles in male (antenna of five articles), and pleon anteriorly narrower than pereomere 7 in male (pleon anteriorly nearly as broad as pereomere 7). Athelges pileus sp. nov. is distinguished from A. caudalis by the following features (those of A. caudalis given in parentheses): pleotelson without uropod, with mushroom-shaped end in female (pleotelson produced into two terminal semicircular posterolateral lobes).The present species is similar to A. takanoshimensis in having a maxilliped with elongate subrectangular anterior lobe lacking a palp and smaller, rounded posterior lobe bearing long, thin, acute spur in female, oostegite 1 extended overhead with anterior lobe laterally expanded, folded and posterior lobe with broad anterior margin tapering to posterior rounded tip in female and pleotelson with anal cone in male. Athelges pileus sp. nov. is distinguished from A. takanoshimensis by the following features (those of A. takanoshimensis in parentheses): pleon extended posteriorly in female (pleon reflexed back), anterolateral margin of head with pair of notches in female (anterolateral margin of head without notches), pereopods 5 and 6 with large gap in female (without large gap), pleotelson with mushroom-shaped end in female (pleotelson with clavate end) and pleotelson subovate in male (posterior end of pleotelson obtusely pointed).The present species is similar to A. takanoshimensis as reported by Markham (1982) being parasitic on Diogenes edwardsii. The present species can be distinguished by the following characters (those of A. takanoshimensis, as reported by Markham (1982), in parentheses): anterolateral margin of head with pair of notches in female (without notches), meri of pereopod 1 each with broad and long projection ventrally in female (without projection), pleotelson with mushroom-shaped end (round posterior end). Athelges takanoshimensis as reported by Markham (1982) also differs from the original description by Ishii (1914) in the following characters (those of original description of A. takanoshimensis in parentheses): pleon extended posteriorly in female (pleon reflexed back), pereopods 5 and 6 with large gap in female (without large gap).Only two of the 349 individuals in the present study were parasitized, and the parasitized rate is thus 0.57 %.DNA barcode.A 658 - bp fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene, a 482 - bp fragment of the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, and a 724 - bp fragment of the nuclear 18 S rRNA gene from the holotype and paratype females were determined. The sequence data, including the standard barcoding region for animal species, has been deposited as a DNA barcode of A. pileus sp. nov. in the GenBank under accession number LC 876712.1, LC 876713.1, LC 876714.1, LC 876715.1, LC 876786.1, LC 876787.1.Etymology.Derived from the Latin noun “ pileus ”, referring to the pleotelson, which is shaped like a mushroom cap.The Japanese name comes from the pleotelson, which is shaped like a mushroom cap, Kinoko-o.Phylogenetic analysis.ML tree, based on the concatenated dataset of 16 S rRNA, 18 S rRNA, and COI sequences (Fig. 7), supports the monophyly of A. pileus sp. nov. and A. takanoshimensis (SH-aLRT = 99.9 % and UFBoot = 100 %) and shows that these species are genetically distinct. These two sequences of A. pileus sp. nov. formed a fully supported clade (SH-aLRT = 99.8 % and UFBoot = 100 %), and three sequences of A. takanoshimensis also formed a clade with equally strong support (SH-aLRT = 99.8 % and UFBoot = 100 %). K 2 P distances among the two species were 20.7–21.1 % (Table 3).

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