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Zenodo
2026
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| Accesso online: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19180944 |
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- <p><b><i>Picnoseus gajardoi</i> Denier, 1937</b></p><p>(Fig. 52)</p><p><i>Picnoseus gajardoi</i> Denier 1937: 288 (cat.), 1940: 423 (cat.); Blackwelder 1945: 487 (cat.).</p><p>Type Material. Lectotype ♂ Chile: Coquimbo, Paihuano, Dr. Rob. Gajardo T. XI.34, ♂ <i>Picnoseus gajardoi</i>, Denier Cotypus ♂ Museo De La Plata, Lectotype <i>Picnoseus gajardoi</i> Denier, Det. Selander, MLPC 611/1. Examined.</p><p>Material examined. Chile, Copiapó: Caldera, Coll. J. E. Barriga, 15/IX/1984, 5 ♀ JEBTC. Chile, Coquimbo: Paihuano, Coll. Rob. Gajardo, XI/1934, 1 ♀ LEC. Chile, Huasco, Algarrobal, Coll. J. E. Barriga, 15/IX/1984, 5 ♀ JEBTC. Chile: Paihuano, Coll. F. Ruiz, 17/X/1937, 3 ♂ LEC. Chile, Valle de Elqui: Rivadavia, 800 m X/1957, 3 ♀ LEC.</p><p>Other material examined. Chile, Cordillera, Elqui 800 m, 3 not sexed MLPC. Chile: Rivadavia X/1957, 1 not sexed LEC. Chile only indicates the country MNHN 611 /1; 1 not sexed.</p><p>Diagnosis. Elytra tri-colored: ochre- yellowish with reddish irregular spot at anteriorly one-third; sutural and marginal black vittae extended from base to the apex, both vittae converging distally. Head surface covered with large, deep and dense punctures; pronotum surface covered with small, shallow, and very sparse punctures. Antennomere I swollen, bead-like, broadest at midlength; antennomere II cup-shaped; antennomere III smoothly divergent distally, with a slight curvature forming a distal lip; antennomeres IV – V similar in shape to III; antennomere VI subtrapezoidal, its proximal third narrower than that of antennomeres VII –IX; antennomeres VII –X subtrapezoidal, with a pronounced proximal constriction and slightly divergent distal margins, broadest distally. Femora shorter than tibia. Metatibiae with spurs similar in length, not parallel but divergent, forming an angle of 20 degrees, outer spur broadened distally, obliquely truncate, and inner spur narrowed, sticklike. Elytra with total length 7.2 mm; subparallel edges (maximum width at proximal two-third: 3 mm); suture dehiscent at distal one-third; elytra narrowed distally. Hindwing veins compositions are summarized in table 2a. Male genitalia with spiculum gastrale with laterally tapered arms, joined by a central, broad, multidentate emargination; proximally slightly curved to the left; aedeagus with three hooks (Fig. 39).</p><p>Redescription. Small- medium sized species; length 8‒12.5 mm.</p><p>Coloration. Head and pronotum black; lustrous tegument. Antennae and mouthparts are dark- brown. Clypeus is completely dark- brown or dark- brown with half brown. Legs dark- brown or with femora black, tibiae and tarsus reddish- brown. Scutellum black; lustrous tegument. Elytra tri- colored: ochre- yellowish with reddish irregular spot at anteriorly one-third; sutural and marginal black vittae from base to the apex, both vittae converging distally.</p><p>Tegument. Head surface covered with large, deep and dense punctures; integument between them luster. Clypeus and labrum with punctures similar to those on frons. Pronotum surface covered with small, shallow, and very sparse punctures; integument between them lustrous or slightly rugose. Elytra surface with three smoothly visible longitudinal costae.</p><p>Setation. Black, setiform dorsally, piliform ventrally (1.2 times longer than dorsal setae). Clypeus and labrum with setae similar to those on frons. Protibia with ventral surface (that opposing femur) with an extensive patch of subappressed, transversely directed silky pubescence at distally two-third. Distally, the protarsus has ventrally homogeneously distributed pads.</p><p>Head. Subtriangular (long 1.85 mm; wide 1.9 mm; maximum width at occiput) or suborbicular (long 1.8 mm; wide 1.5 mm; maximum width just above eyes); surface with a longitudinal subtle median groove from the vertex to the fronto-clypeal suture. Temple divergent or subparallel; straight or rounded posteriorly, respectively. Frons transverse depressed before suture or suborbicular depressed at middle of frons (between eyes) before suture; slightly depressed at level of the posterior edges of eyes. Eyes flat; moderately broad emarginate; ventral lobe markedly narrowing below (wide 0.7 mm; long 1.1 mm). Clypeus subtrapezoidal, bulged at middle, with a markedly declivity towards the superior edge (wide 0.5 mm; long 1.1 mm). Labrum with moderately rounded lateral edge, ventral edge concave (wide 0.5 mm; long 1 mm). Maxillary palpomere IV subrectangular (maximum width towards both extremes, parallel sides). Labial palpomeres III narrowed toward the distal region (maximum width distally). Mandibles short, markedly curved on the external side, mostly covered by clypeus and labrum while resting. Antennae loosely articulated (Fig. 14). Antennomere I swollen, bead-like, broadest at midlength; antennomere II cup-shaped; antennomere III smoothly divergent distally, with a slight curvature forming a distal lip; antennomeres IV – V similar in shape to III; antennomere VI subtrapezoidal, its proximal third narrower than that of antennomeres VII –IX; antennomeres VII –X subtrapezoidal, with a pronounced proximal constriction and slightly divergent distal margins, broadest distally. Antennomeres length: I 0.20 mm; II 0.10 mm; III 0.37 mm; IV 0.75 mm; VII –X 0.3 mm; XI 0.55 mm.</p><p>Pronotum. Subhexagonal (long 2.3 mm; wide 2.1 mm) maximum width at apical third, with angulous borders; anterior edge curved; posterior edge almost straight.</p><p>Legs. Femora shorter than tibia: profemur, protibia (1.99 mm; 2.5 mm respectively), mesofemur, mesotibia (2.9 mm; 3.16 mm respectively); metafemur, metatibia (3.3 mm; 3.6 mm respectively). Metatibiae with spurs similar in length, not parallel but divergent, forming an angle of 20 degrees, outer spur broadened distally, obliquely truncate, and inner spur narrowed, sticklike. Tarsomere measurement: foretarsomere (I 0.66 mm; II 0.46; III 0.33 mm; IV 0.23 mm; V 0.53 mm); mesotarsomere (I 0.93 mm; II 0.66 mm; III 0.699 mm; IV 0.49 mm; and V 0.83 mm); and metatarsomere (I 1.3 mm; II 0. 83 mm; III 0.33 mm; and IV 0.83 mm).</p><p>Elytra. Total length 7.2 mm; subparallel sides (maximum width at proximal two-third: 3 mm); suture dehiscent at distal one-third; elytra narrowed distally.</p><p>Hindwing veins compositions are summarized in table 2a (Fig. 28).</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 39). SpGs forming a plate- like structure with laterally tapered arms, joined by a central, broad, multidentate emargination; proximally slightly curved to the left. Pa incompletely sclerotized, each lobe with an extensive median membranous area. Ph with a medial V- shaped concavity; Pa and Ph fused by a membranous connection (or: membranous tegument). Ae distally with three hooks: two smaller DAH and one very robust VAH. Cerci well- developed, conical. AeA short and straight.</p><p>Female genitalia. Sclerotized plate of Va subrectangular, internal border with a wide distal concavity and two small proximal concavities; proximally the BsVa rounded and slightly curved inwards; subrectangular Sty as long as Va.</p><p>Intraspecific Variation. Variation occurs in the body length: small-medium sized species (length: 8–12.5 mm).</p><p>Geographic Distribution. <i>Picnoseus gajardoi</i> presents a wide area of distribution occurring in Monte and Chaco biogeographic provinces in Argentina; and Santiago and Coquimbo biogeographic provinces in Chile (Fig. 68). Habitat in all these biogeographic provinces are arid.</p><p>Natural History.According to specimen labels, <i>P. gajardoi</i> has been collected in spring (September, October and November); observed on Malvaceae species (Available from https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/244844090; date of access April 2025). Presents an altitudinal of 800 m. a.s.l.</p>