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Auteur principal:	Jałoszyński, Paweł
Format:	Recurso digital
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Publié:	Zenodo 2026
Sujets:	Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Staphylinidae Cephennodes Cephennodes akane
Accès en ligne:	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19197617
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Cephennodes (s. str.) akane Hoshina(Figs 33–38)Cephennodes (Cephennodes) akane Hoshina, 2020: 44.Material studied. Taiwan: 1 &male;, Nantou Hsien, Kuan-tao-chi, 20.07.1988, leg. S. Nomura (NSMT); 1 &male;, Sun Moon Lake, 14.03.1989, leg. K. Baba (cPJ).Emended diagnosis. Body large, BL ~ 1.8 mm; antennae with indistinctly delimited trimerous clubs; head in males modified, with two long setal penicilli separated from each other by distance about as wide as 4 × that between each penicillus and compound eye, and with anterolateral pair of large asetose impressions separated at middle by small convex area densely covered with short setae, anterior margins of impressions not elevated; punctures on pronotum much more distinct than those on elytra; pronotal lateral carinae single; subhumeral lines moderately long, as long as 0.35 × EL. Aedeagus (Figs 35–38) with basal capsule in ventral view strongly asymmetrical, with distal margin oblique in relation to long axis of aedeagus and with broadly subtriangular and rounded apex.Redescription. Body of male (Fig. 33) moderately convex, elongate oval, with shallow constriction between pronotum and elytra, dark brown with slightly lighter tarsi, covered with yellowish brown setae. BL 1.70–1.83 mm.Head (Fig. 34) broadest across moderately large, strongly convex and coarsely faceted eyes, HL 0.25 mm, HW 0.45 mm; frontovertexal region modified, with two long setal penicilli separated from each other by distance about as wide as 4 × that between each penicillus and compound eye, and with anterolateral pair of large impressions separated at middle by small convex area, anterior margins of impressions not elevated. Punctures on head unevenly distributed, those on clypeus large and dense, anterolateral impressions impunctate, areas between and behind impressions covered with punctures much smaller than those on clypeus but similarly dense; setae on elevation separating anterolateral impressions dense and short, impressions asetose, clypeus and posteromedian region of head with short and moderately dense suberect setae. Antennae relatively long and moderately strongly thickened distad, with indistinctly delimited trimerous clubs, AnL 0.88–0.93 mm, antennomere 1 about as long as broad, 2 weakly elongate, 3 slightly transverse, 4–7 each about as long as broad, 8–10 each weakly transverse, 11 about as long as 9 and 10 combined, about twice as long as broad.Pronotum in strictly dorsal view nearly semicircular, strongly convex at middle and weakly flattened near hind corners, equally broad in posterior 1/3; PL 0.58 mm, PW 0.80–0.83 mm. Anterior margin in strictly dorsal view weakly arcuate; lateral margins strongly rounded and indistinctly microserrate, posterior corners weakly sharp-angled; posterior margin shallowly bisinuate; lateral marginal carinae simple (i.e., not doubled); lateral antebasal pits small but distinct, each slightly closer to posterior than lateral pronotal margin. Punctures on pronotal disc small but sharply marked and dense, those at middle separated by spaces subequal to their diameters; setae moderately long, sparse and suberect.Elytra as wide as pronotum, together oval, broadest slightly near anterior third; EL 0.88–1.00 mm, EW 0.80– 0.83 mm, EI 1.09–1.21; subhumeral lines developed as sharp borders between elevated humerus and lower mesal region, as long as 0.35 × EL and divergent posterad; basal elytral fovea on each elytron located slightly closer to subhumeral line than to lateral margin of mesoscutellum; elytral apices separately rounded. Punctures on elytra fine and inconspicuous; setae dense, suberect and much longer than those on pronotum.Hind wings not studied.Metaventrite lacking lateral impressions.Legs long and slender, unmodified.Aedeagus (Figs 35–38) of strongly modified simonis form, AeL 0.50 mm; capsular region of median lobe in ventral view approximately oval, with distal margin slightly oblique in relation to long axis of aedeagus and with broadly subtriangular and rounded apex, distal projections relatively short. Parameres slender, shorter than median lobe but much longer than basal capsule, each with one apical and two subapical setae.Female. Not studied.Distribution. Taiwan.Remarks. The pair of long setal penicilli inserted on papillae and situated on the frontovertexal region are a diagnostic feature of the C. taurus group.The illustrations of the aedeagus of C. yume and C. akane in respective original descriptions, Hoshina (2017) and Hoshina (2020), are almost identical and do not allow for species identifications. I confirm that the aedeagi of C. akane and C. yume are indeed very similar, and in order to make these species identifiable, they both are redescribed in the present study. The aedeagi differ mainly in the shape of the distal margin of the basal capsule in ventral view (Fig. 35 vs. Fig. 49). In C. akane, this margin is weakly oblique, whereas in C. yume the margin is transverse in relation to the long axis of the aedeagus and indistinctly concave. However, aedeagi in the C. taurus group can show some intraspecific variability and secondary sexual characters of males are in some cases more reliable as diagnostic features. Cephennodes akane and C. yume clearly differ in male cephalic characters. In C. akane, the pair of papillae with setal penicilli are situated much closer to the eyes than those in C. yume. The distance between these papillae (their centers) in C. akane is ~4 × as wide as that between each papilla and the mesal margin of the eye. In C. yume, the distance between these papillae is only indistinctly wider than that between each papilla and the mesal margin of the eye. In C. akane, the asetose lateral frontal impressions are separated at middle by a short elongate setose convexity, and the anterior margin of each impression is not elevated. In C. yume, the lateral frontal impressions are separated at middle by much longer elevated area densely covered with setae, and the anterior margin of each impression is elevated and forming an oblique ridge. The third Japanese and the second Taiwanese member of the C. taurus group, C. maya (also redescribed below) has a clearly different aedeagus (Figs 41–44), its ovoid basal capsule has a strongly rounded distal margin, the insertions of the setal penicilli on the head are extremely widely separated, so that they are situated just at the posteromesal margin of each eye, and the pair of asetose lateral frontal impressions is separated at middle by a small group of dense setae (Fig. 40).Cephennodes akane was described based on material from Taiwan. I have seen very similar specimens from the nearby Ryukyuan island of Iriomote, which have the aedeagus very similar to that of C. akane and C. yume, but the head in males is clearly different. This species will be described separately, and this information is given here to emphasize a need to carefully consider all character sets to identify Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species, and not rely solely on the aedeagus.

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