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| Autor principal: | |
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| Formato: | Recurso digital |
| Lenguaje: | inglés |
| Publicado: |
Zenodo
2026
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19237573 |
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- <p>The second law of thermodynamics is confirmed in every experiment ever conducted, yet its<br>empirical basis spans less than 0.000002% of cosmic history. All extrapolation beyond the<br>direct observation window rests on retrodiction from present-day constraint patterns,<br>mediated by the Past Hypothesis—an inference from the current entropy gradient, not an<br>independent observation. We show that this inference is formally underdetermined: a<br>monotonic trajectory and the ascending phase of a periodic trajectory are observationally<br>indistinguishable within the available window. We survey five independent research<br>programs—Penrose’s conformal cyclic cosmology, Barbour’s Janus Point, the Carroll-Chen<br>and Boyle-Turok symmetric cosmologies, Price’s defense of time-symmetric boundary<br>conditions, and the Page curve in black hole physics—that have each demonstrated, through<br>different methods and in response to different problems, that entropy increase is local,<br>emergent, and bounded rather than global, fundamental, and monotonic. Their convergence<br>constitutes the evidential basis for the wave hypothesis: that entropy increase is the ascending<br>local gradient of a larger periodic constraint structure. Observational data on cosmic entropy<br>production—peaking at redshift z ≈ 2 and decelerating since—favor an asymmetric<br>relaxation-oscillation waveform over a simple sinusoid. We propose the van der Pol oscillator<br>in the strongly nonlinear regime as a formal candidate and show that Adlam’s framework of<br>laws as atemporal constraints provides the philosophical infrastructure for periodic entropy.<br>The hypothesis generates testable predictions concerning entropy deceleration profiles,<br>time-varying dark energy, and CMB signatures.</p>