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Bibliografski detalji
Glavni autor: Prakash Ram,Dr. Punam Kumari
Format: Recurso digital
Jezik:hindski
Izdano: Zenodo 2025
Online pristup:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19439403
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  • <table style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; height: 540.854px;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 21.4583px;"> <td style="width: 328.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 21.4583px;"> <p><strong><span lang="HI"><span>                  </span>सारांश</span></strong></p> </td> <td style="height: 21.4583px;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 161.25px;"> <td style="width: 328.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 519.396px;" rowspan="8"> <p><span lang="HI">प्राचीन</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">भारत</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">में</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">मूर्तिकला</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">का</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">विकास</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span>300 </span><span lang="HI">ईसा</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">पूर्व</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">से</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">लेकर</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span>550 </span><span lang="HI">ईसवी</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">तक</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">भारतीय</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">मूर्तिकला</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">के</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">विभिन्न</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">प्रकारों</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">और</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">शैलियों</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">का</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">विकास</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">हुआ।</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">हम</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">मुख्य</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">रूप</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">से</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">बौद्ध</span><span>, </span><span lang="HI">हिन्दू</span><span>, </span><span lang="HI">और</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">जैन</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">धर्म</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">से</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">संबंधित</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">मूर्तिकला</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">शैलियों</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">की</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">चर्चा</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">करेंगे</span><span>, </span><span lang="HI">जो</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">इस</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">काल</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">में</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">प्रचलित</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">थीं।मौर्य</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">काल</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">में</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">मूर्तिकला</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">मुख्य</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">रूप</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">से</span><span lang="HI"> </span><strong><span lang="HI">बौद्ध</span></strong><strong><span lang="HI"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="HI">धर्म</span></strong><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">और</span><span lang="HI"> </span><strong><span lang="HI">शाही</span></strong><strong><span lang="HI"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="HI">शक्ति</span></strong><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">के</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">प्रतीकों</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">के</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">रूप</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">में</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">विकसित</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">हुई।</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">सम्राट</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">अशोक</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">के</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">शासनकाल</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">में</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">बौद्ध</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">धर्म</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">के</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">प्रचार</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">और</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">स्तूपों</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">का</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">निर्माण</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">हुआ।मौर्य</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">काल</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">की</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">मूर्तियाँ</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">अधिकतर</span><span lang="HI"> </span><strong><span lang="HI">सिंह</span></strong><span>, </span><strong><span lang="HI">हाथी</span></strong><span>, </span><strong><span lang="HI">वृषभ</span></strong><span> (</span><span lang="HI">बैल</span><span lang="HI">) </span><span lang="HI">जैसे</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">प्रतीकों</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">के</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">रूप</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">में</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">थीं।</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">ये</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">शाही</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">और</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">धार्मिक</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">ताकत</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">के</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">प्रतीक</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">थे।</span><span>300 </span><span lang="HI">ईसा</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">पूर्व</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">से</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span>550 </span><span lang="HI">ईस्वी</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">तक</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">भारतीय</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">मूर्तिकला</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">की</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">तकनीक</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">और</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">धातु</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">के</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">उपयोग</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">में</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">बहुत</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">बड़ा</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">विकास</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">हुआ।</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">मौर्य</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">और</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">गुप्त</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">काल</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">में</span><span>, </span><span lang="HI">पत्थर</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">और</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">धातु</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">पर</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">नक्काशी</span><span>, </span><span lang="HI">कांस्य</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">और</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">तांबे</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">के</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">ढालने</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">की</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">प्रक्रिया</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">का</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">प्रयोग</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">अधिक</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">हुआ।</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">इन</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">तकनीकों</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">और</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">धातुओं</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">के</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">उपयोग</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">ने</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">भारतीय</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">कला</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">को</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">एक</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">नई</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">दिशा</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">दी</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">और</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">इसकी</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">स्थायिता</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">और</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">सुंदरता</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">को</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">बढ़ाया।</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">इस</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">समय</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">की</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">मूर्तियाँ</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">न</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">केवल</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">धार्मिक</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">श्रद्धा</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">का</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">प्रतीक</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">थीं</span><span>, </span><span lang="HI">बल्कि</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">इनसे</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">उस</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">समय</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">के</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">समाज</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">और</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">संस्कृति</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">की</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">गहरी</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">समझ</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">भी</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">मिलती</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">है।भारतीय</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">मूर्तिकला</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">ने</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">अपने</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">धार्मिक</span><span>, </span><span lang="HI">सांस्कृतिक</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">और</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">ऐतिहासिक</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">संदर्भों</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">में</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">अत्यधिक</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">समृद्धि</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">और</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">विविधता</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">हासिल</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">की।</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">मौर्य</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">काल</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">से</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">लेकर</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">गुप्त</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">काल</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">तक</span><span>, </span><span lang="HI">मूर्तिकला</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">ने</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">विभिन्न</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">धार्मिक</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">और</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">सांस्कृतिक</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">मान्यताओं</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">का</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">प्रतिनिधित्व</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">किया</span><span>, </span><span lang="HI">जिससे</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">प्राचीन</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">भारतीय</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">समाज</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">और</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">कला</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">का</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">एक</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">समृद्ध</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">इतिहास</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">बना।</span></p> <p><strong><span lang="HI">मुख्य</span></strong><strong><span lang="HI"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="HI">शब्दावली</span></strong><span lang="HI"> - </span><span lang="HI">स्तूप</span>, <span lang="HI">शिला</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">चित्रण</span><span lang="HI">,<strong> </strong></span><span lang="HI">लायन</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">कैपिटल</span><span lang="HI">, </span><span lang="HI">रॉक</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">कट</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI">मूर्तियाँ</span></p> </td> <td style="height: 161.25px;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 27.8542px;"> <td style="height: 27.8542px;"> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 37.2083px;"> <td 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