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| Format: | Recurso digital |
| Langue: | anglais |
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Zenodo
2026
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| Accès en ligne: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19536155 |
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- <p>Abstract: Background: Apamarga (Achyranthes aspera Linn. (Family Amaranthaceae) is a common medicinal herb<br>with ancient roots in Ayurvedic, Unani and Siddha systems of healing. It is used in tropical and subtropical regions for<br>the treatment of inflammation, respiratory tract disease, gastrointestinal disorders, dermatologic conditions, kidney<br>disease and as an antidote to snake envenomation. Despite this high ethnopharmacological recognition, a potentialwide<br>comparative phytochemical survey of five different plant organs — roots, stems, leaves flowers and seeds using<br>contemporary analytical methodology has not been carried out previously. Objective: To sequentially extract, isolate<br>and characterize the secondary metabolite profiles of each major organ/part of this plant such as roots, bark, fruits and<br>seed using polarity-gradient solvent extraction followed by qualitative/quantitative phytochemical screening<br>(phytochemicals including alkaloids–the most dominant), chromatographic isolation in crude form and spectroscopic<br>identification. Materials and methods: Root, stem, leaf, flower, and seed shade-dried plant materials were successively<br>extracted using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. By using conventional methods such as<br>maceration and Soxhlet extraction alongside green solvents, including ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and<br>microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Standard qualitative phytochemical screening. Major constituents were isolated<br>by silica gel column chromatography and their structures elucidated using UV, FTIR, 1H/13C NMR and mass<br>spectrometry. Results: MAE gave the highest extract percentages for all studied plant parts (24.3–30.1% w/w for<br>methanol), which were significantly higher than those obtained by maceration (17.1–23.0%). The column<br>chromatography afforded fourteen characterized compounds which were identified as β-sitosterol, chlorogenic acid,<br>betaine, achyranthine, ecdysterone, ecdysone, lupeol, oleanolic acid, rutin and quercetin and caffeic acid and<br>stigmasterol. Conclusions: A. aspera has chemically diverse and part-specific secondary metabolite profile that further<br>validates its traditional uses inpharmacotherapy. Plant Parts: Leaves are best for phenolic and flavonoid extraction; roots<br>and seeds are optimal for alkaloids, ecdysteroids, and saponins. However, MAE is advised to be the extraction technique<br>of choice for high yield low solvent consumption. The isolated compounds and quantitative result sets lay the scientific<br>groundwork for quality control of herbal products while providing insight for future bioassay-directed pharmacological<br>studies.<br>Keywords: Achyranthes aspera; Apamarga; phytochemical screening; sequential extraction; column chromatography;<br>GC-MS; alkaloids; ecdysteroids; saponin s’; flavonoids terpenoids medicinal plants natural products.</p>