Guardat en:
| Autor principal: | |
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| Format: | Recurso digital |
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| Publicat: |
Zenodo
2026
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| Accés en línia: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19556537 |
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- <p>Sustainable agriculture plays a critical role in achieving global food security while minimizing environmental degradation and safeguarding human health. Increasing pressures from population growth, climate change, soil degradation, water scarcity, and intensive agrochemical use demand the adoption of resilient and resource-efficient agricultural systems. This review critically evaluates recent literature on sustainable agriculture and food security with specific emphasis on five core areas: organic farming and soil health, water use efficiency in agriculture, impacts of pesticides and fertilizers, innovation in crop management, and genetic mutation and crop improvement in agriculture and botany. Organic farming systems enhance soil structure, organic carbon content, microbial diversity, and nutrient cycling, contributing to long-term soil fertility and productivity. Improvements in water use efficiency through precision irrigation, and climate-smart technologies significantly reduce water losses while maintaining crop yields. However, excessive reliance on pesticides and fertilizers has led to environmental contamination, ecosystem disruption, and adverse human health effects, necessitating the adoption of integrated pest management and reduced-input strategies. Innovations in crop management, including conservation agriculture, precision farming, digital technologies, and emerging approaches such as plasma agriculture, improve resource-use efficiency and crop resilience. Furthermore, advances in induced mutation breeding and genetic engineering contribute to the development of high-yielding, stress-tolerant, and nutrient-efficient crop varieties. The review concludes that an integrated, systems-based approach combining ecological practices, technological innovations, and genetic improvement is essential for sustainable agriculture and long-term food security.</p>