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| Формат: | Recurso digital |
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| Опубликовано: |
Zenodo
2026
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| Online-ссылка: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19699482 |
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- <p>Note:</p> <p>This is an independent work in progress by a high-school student from Pakistan.</p> <p> </p> <p>All errors are my own.</p> <p>The nature of dark energy remains one of the most significant open questions in modern cosmology. The standard ΛCDM model assumes a cosmological constant with equation of state w = -1.0. We test this assumption against Planck 2018 CMB temperature (TT) data using a phantom dark energy parameterization.</p> <p> </p> <p>Employing CAMB with baseline Planck 2018 parameters, we vary only w and compute Chi^2 against the plikHM_TT_lite likelihood. We find the best-fit K-LOCR v3.2 model yields w = -1.03 with Chi^2 = 7441.23, compared to Chi^2 = 7886.20 for ΛCDM with w = -1.0.</p> <p> </p> <p>The resulting ΔChi^2 = -444.97 indicates a strong statistical preference for phantom dark energy over the cosmological constant at >5σ significance. This result challenges the ΛCDM paradigm and suggests the dark energy density is increasing with time, with implications for the fate of the universe and physics beyond the standard model.</p> <p> </p> <p>We designate this model K-LOCR v3.2. Confirmation with Planck polarization data, ACT, SPT, and DESI is urgently needed.</p> <p> </p>