Wedi'i Gadw mewn:
| Prif Awdur: | |
|---|---|
| Fformat: | Recurso digital |
| Iaith: | Saesneg |
| Cyhoeddwyd: |
Zenodo
2026
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| Pynciau: | |
| Mynediad Ar-lein: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19780191 |
| Tagiau: |
Ychwanegu Tag
Dim Tagiau, Byddwch y cyntaf i dagio'r cofnod hwn!
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Tabl Cynhwysion:
- <p>Building upon the Kaluza‑Klein five‑dimensional unification framework, this paper extends Z‑Geometric Dynamics (Paper I and Paper II) to construct a geometric theory that unifies gravity, electromagnetism, the weak force, and the strong force within a unified five‑ and seven‑dimensional parameter space. Based on Paper II’s geometric entropy constant α and the spatial thickness picture, we derive electromagnetism from five‑dimensional Kaluza–Klein reduction, obtain the weak force and SU(2) gauge field via torsion in Riemann–Cartan geometry, and compute the weak coupling constant and weak mixing angle in excellent agreement with experiment. We independently determine the geometric entropy constant α≈0.007069 using the five‑dimensional topological excision model, saturating Paper II’s inequality. Extending to seven dimensions, we use the Hopf fibration of S⁷ and a three‑brane structure to project the SU(3) gauge field and derive the strong coupling constant αₛ=32/(9π³). The three‑lobe topological excision model unifies electrons, protons, and quarks, naturally explaining fractional charge and color confinement, and heuristically derives the proton–electron mass ratio mₚ/mₑ=6π⁵ with deviation less than 2×10⁻⁵. The framework also reproduces the cosmic baryon asymmetry η≈6×10⁻¹⁰ consistent with Planck observations. We reveal the geometric origin of parity violation: electrons are trapped on the y=0 brane (horizon) and protons on the y=L brane, so only left‑handed electrons participate in weak interactions. Finally, we interpret the four forces from geometric stability: gravity is the spacetime background, electromagnetism is a property of stable structures, the weak force is the collapse from instability to stability, and the strong force is resistance against disruption. All extra dimensions are mathematical parameter spaces, not physical dimensions. No free parameters are introduced; all numerical results are rigidly determined by geometry.</p>