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| Format: | Recurso digital |
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Zenodo
2026
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| Matèries: | |
| Accés en línia: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19961497 |
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- <p>This figure presents a <strong>comprehensive academic overview of heart failure</strong>, integrating <strong>risk factors, cardiotoxic drugs, Stage B structural and functional abnormalities, laboratory biomarkers, and pathway-based symptoms</strong>. The infographic is designed with a <strong>white background and calm, professional colors</strong> to ensure clarity and readability, and includes <strong>small icons next to each point</strong> to enhance visual understanding.</p> <p><strong>Sections included:</strong></p> <ol> <li> <p><strong>Risk Factors for Heart Failure</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p>Clinical and metabolic risk factors: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, metabolic syndrome, family history of cardiomyopathy.</p> </li> <li> <p>Cardiotoxic drugs, organized by mechanism: direct cardiotoxicity, substances/chemotherapy, unknown mechanisms, and sodium/water retention.</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>Stage B Structural Abnormalities</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Valvular Level:</strong> aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, other significant lesions.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Myocyte/Cellular Level:</strong> previous myocardial infarction, myocyte hypertrophy.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Whole-Heart/Chamber Level:</strong> left ventricular hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>Stage B Functional Abnormalities</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Systolic Dysfunction (EF <50%):</strong> reduced LVEF, regional wall motion abnormalities, with main causes.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Diastolic Dysfunction (EF ≥50%):</strong> impaired relaxation, reduced ventricular compliance, with main causes.</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>Laboratory / Other Biomarkers</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p>Elevated BNP or NT-proBNP, mildly elevated troponin, and other labs reflecting underlying risk factors.</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>Symptoms Organized by Pathway</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Right Heart / Venous Congestion Pathway:</strong> peripheral edema, ascites, jugular venous distension, hepatomegaly.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Left Heart / Low Cardiac Output Pathway:</strong> pulmonary edema (shortness of breath, orthopnea), organ hypoperfusion (brain: confusion; muscles: fatigue, weakness; skin: cold extremities, pale; heart: chest pain, reduced exercise tolerance).</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ol> <p><strong>Purpose:</strong><br>This infographic provides a <strong>single visual reference for medical students, clinicians, and researchers</strong> to understand heart failure comprehensively, linking <strong>pathophysiology, structural and functional changes, risk factors, and clinical manifestations</strong>. The design emphasizes clarity, academic style, and visual cues for enhanced memorization.</p>