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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Recurso digital |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Zenodo
2026
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20022403 |
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Table of Contents:
- <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Accurate<span> </span>assessment<span> </span>of<span> </span>sagittal<span> </span>skeletal<span> </span>relationships<span> </span>plays<span> </span>a<span> </span>pivotal<span> </span>role<span> </span>in<span> </span>orthodontic<span> </span>diagnosis<span> </span>and treatment planning. The ANB angle, introduced by Cecil C. Steiner, remains one of the most widely used parameters; however, it is influenced by cranial base length and jaw rotations. Similarly, the WITS<span> </span>appraisal<span> </span>proposed<span> </span>by<span> </span>Alexander<span> </span>Jacobson<span> </span>depends<span> </span>on<span> </span>the<span> </span>occlusal<span> </span>plane,<span> </span>limiting<span> </span>its<span> </span><span>reliability. </span></span><span>To<span> </span>overcome<span> </span>these<span> </span>limitations,<span> </span>alternative<span> </span>angular<span> </span>parameters<span> </span>such<span> </span>as<span> </span>the<span> </span>Beta<span> </span>angle,<span> </span>Yen<span> </span>angle,<span> </span>and W angle have been introduced. While these parameters attempt to reduce dependency on cranial landmarks, variability in landmark identification and geometric construction persists.</span></p>