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| Format: | Recurso digital |
| Sprog: | engelsk |
| Udgivet: |
Zenodo
2026
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| Online adgang: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20131082 |
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- <p> </p> <p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p>We derive the discreteness of time from two empirically established results of Einstein (1905): the <strong>photoelectric effect</strong> (quantized energy) and <strong>special relativity</strong> (time relativity). The Planck–Einstein relation <strong>E = hf</strong> and mass–energy equivalence <strong>E = mc²</strong> jointly yield a characteristic frequency <strong>f = mc²/h</strong> and a minimum temporal resolution <strong>T = h/mc²</strong> for any energy packet of rest mass <strong>m</strong>.</p> <p>Combined with a principle of <strong>ontological parsimony</strong> excluding unobservable continuous background time, we propose that time does not exist as a continuous substrate but emerges as the discrete sequence of causal interaction events between energy packets.</p> <p><strong>THE STRUCTURE OF THE PRESENT</strong></p> <p>The framework generates a temporal ontology where:</p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>The Past:</strong> The absolute record of resolved events.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>The Present:</strong> The local interface of causal resolution.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>The Future:</strong> The genuinely open space of unresolved possibilities.</p> </li> </ul> <p>In <strong>v2.0</strong>, the "Present" is further specified as a structured region containing three sub-components:</p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>The Past of the Present:</strong> The "scar-vertex" anchoring the currently operating agency.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>The In-between:</strong> The ongoing resolution.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>The Future of the Present:</strong> The two binary branches of the coming inflection.</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>THEORETICAL INTEGRATION & V2.1 UPDATES</strong></p> <p>The framework is compatible with Special and General Relativity in tested regimes. <strong>Quantum Mechanics</strong> is extended, with wavefunction collapse reinterpreted as state resolution at interaction, and <strong>Heisenberg's indeterminacy relation</strong> recovered from the modal structure of the present.</p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>The Constant c:</strong> Identified in v2.0 as the invariant ratio of the "in-between" — the observable signature of the quantum teleportation by which every resolution operates.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>The Bohr Leap:</strong> In v2.1, <strong>c</strong> is canonically identified with the <strong>Bohr quantum leap of 1913</strong>. The photon is recognized as the same kind of entity as the Bohr atomic transition, sharing three key structural features: no intermediate state, no intermediate position, and empirical confirmation via discrete spectral lines.</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>FALSIFIABLE PREDICTIONS</strong></p> <p>The paper states three primary predictions:</p> <ol> <li> <p>A <strong>dual-regime discrete-time signature</strong>.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Thermal-gradient time dilation</strong> beyond the predictions of General Relativity.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Finite maximum event density</strong>, effectively precluding the existence of physical singularities.</p> </li> </ol> <p><strong>REFERENCES & FURTHER READING</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Full Ontological Foundation:</strong> The Structure of the Present: An Ontology of Imperfect Time, Teleported Space, and Hierarchical Agency (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19711475).</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Canonical Formulation (Bohr-leap):</strong> Sincere Science Series, Volume I, Chapter 6 (On Discrete Time – Technical Edition, 2026).</p> </li> </ul>