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Dettagli Bibliografici
Autori principali:	Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M., Carvalho, Leonardo S.
Natura:	Recurso digital
Lingua:
Pubblicazione:	Zenodo 2026
Soggetti:	Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Arachnida Araneae Pholcidae Sertana Sertana bumba
Accesso online:	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20330756
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Sertana bumba Huber gen. et sp. nov.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2E405CD8-8A8F-4997-8531-FE90F64241C3Figs 49D, 50F, 52A, E, 53G, 54B, D, 55F, 71–74Ninetinae L23-284 – Carvalho et al. 2026. — de Paula et al. 2026.DiagnosisMales are distinguished from those of known congeners by shape of procursus (Fig. 72A–C; short and slender main branch, small transparent dorsal flap without serrated margin), by shapes of bulbal processes (Fig. 72D–F; two complex dorsal processes, two ventral processes similar to S. igapora gen. et sp. nov.), and by male cheliceral apophyses proximally directed towards lateral (Fig. 73A). Females very similar to those of known congeners; internally with simple median modifications (Figs 73C, 74F; complex in S. igapora; S. sagarana gen. et sp. nov.; S. lapa gen. et sp. nov.), with large but very indistinct transparent sac.EtymologyThe species name is derived from Bumba-meu-boi (Bumba-boi, Boi-bumbá, etc.), a popular and comicdramatic dance widespread in Brazil but particularly famous in Maranhão; noun in apposition.Type materialHolotypeBRAZIL – Maranhão • &male;; Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas, ‘site 1’; 7.155° S, 47.392° W; 300–320 m a.s.l.; 16 Dec. 2022; L.S. Carvalho et al. leg.; CHNUFPI 9244.ParatypesBRAZIL – Maranhão • 7 &male;&male;, 1 &female;; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5164 • 5 &male;&male;, 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5148 • 4 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5095 • 3 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5231 • 8 &male;&male;, 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5103 • 2 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5102 • 1 &male;, 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5128 • 1 &male;, 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5117 • 2 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5120 • 4 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5113 • 5 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5228, 5177, 5181, 5156, 5169 • 3 &male;&male;; Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas, ‘site 2’; 7.150° S, 47.366° W; 300–310 m a.s.l.; 17 Dec. 2022; L.S. Carvalho et al. leg.; CHNUFPI 5101 • 3 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5122 • 3 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5166 • 2 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5125 • 5 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5153, 5150, 5152, 5225, 5112 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5178 • 1 &male;, 1 &female;; Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas, ‘site 3’; 7.146° S, 47.380° W; 320–330 m a.s.l.; 16 Dec. 2022; L.S. Carvalho et al. leg.; CHNUFPI 5158 • 2 &male;&male;, 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5088 • 3 &male;&male;, 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5155 • 3 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5123 • 4 &male;&male;, 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5159 • 1 &male;, 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5147 • 4 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5162 • 5 &male;&male;, 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5107 (2 &male; used for SEM) • 5 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5172 • 2 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5179 • 1 &male;, 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5118 • 2 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5161 • 6 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5096, 5129, 5184, 5140, 5133, 5180 • 4 &male;&male;; Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas, ‘site 4’; 7.128° S, 47.375° W; 290–300 m a.s.l.; 23 Aug. 2022; L.S. Carvalho and L.S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5227 • 2 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5145 • 2 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5151 • 2 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5142 • 2 &male;&male;, 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5154 • 16 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5135, 5126, 5105, 5146, 5092, 5108, 5170, 5144, 5100, 5124, 5149, 5106, 5119, 5134, 5174, 5176 • 1 &male;, 1 &female;; Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas, ‘site 5’; 7.125° S, 47.364° W; 280–290 m a.s.l.; 23 Aug. 2022; L.S. Carvalho and L.S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5091 • 9 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5094, 5104, 5115, 5173, 5097, 5109, 5099, 5127, 5165 • 3 &male;&male;; Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas, ‘site 6’; 7.109° S, 47.355° W; 270–280 m a.s.l.; 24 Aug. 2022; L.S. Carvalho and L.S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5139 • 3 &male;&male;, 3 &female;&female;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5137 • 5 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5183 • 3 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5090 • 2 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5093 • 2 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5141 • 2 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5168 • 8 &male;&male;, 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5175 • 5 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5131 • 6 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5132 • 4 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5121 • 1 &male;, 2 &female;&female;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5143 • 4 &male;&male;, 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5167 • 2 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5136 • 4 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5130 • 3 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5229 • 2 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5226 • 4 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5089 • 3 &male;&male;, 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5098 • 2 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5138 • 4 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5160 • 9 &male;&male;; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5182, 5157, 5116, 5163, 5110, 5232, 5114, 5171, 5230.DescriptionMale (holotype)MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 1.24, carapace width 0.50. Distance PME–PME 50 µm; diameter PME 40 µm; distance PME–ALE 20 µm; distance AME–AME 15 µm; diameter AME 35 µm. Leg 1: 2.65 (0.71+ 0.18 + 0.69+ 0.71 + 0.36), tibia 2: 0.64, tibia 3: 0.64, tibia 4: 0.98; tibia 1 L/d: 12; diameters of leg femora 100–110 µm, of leg tibiae 60 µm.COLOR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs pale ochre-yellow, carapace and legs without darker marks or rings; abdomen gray, with darker gray internal marks, ventrally with dark ochre plate in front of gonopore.BODY. Habitus similar to congeners (cf. Fig. 48). Ocular area barely raised. Carapace without thoracic groove. Clypeus unmodified. Sternum slightly wider than long (0.38/0.32), without anterior processes. Abdomen globular.CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 73A–B; with pair of long frontal apophyses in proximal position, distance between tips 115 µm; with stridulatory files (poorly visible in dissecting microscope).PALPS. As in Fig. 71; coxa unmodified; trochanter ventrally barely protruding; femur without proximal protrusion or process, distally slightly widened but otherwise unmodified; femur-patella condyles slightly shifted toward prolateral side; tibia-tarsus condyles slightly shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus with strong dorsal hairs, without prolateral process; procursus (Fig. 72A–C) very simple, proximally light and with transparent dorsal flap, distally thin and sclerotized (dark); genital bulb (Fig. 72D–F) distally complex, with two ventral processes (vp1 and vp 2 in Fig. 72E) and two dorsal processes (dp1 and dp 2 in Fig. 72D–E); location of sperm duct opening presumably on membranous element of ‘dp2’.LEGS. Without spines, without curved hairs; with short vertical hairs on tibia 1; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 59%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with 4–5 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct.Variation (males)Tibia 1 in 66 males: 0.61–0.73 (mean 0.67).FemalesIn general, similar to males; chelicerae apparently without stridulatory files (not confirmed with SEM); tibia 1 without short vertical hairs. Tibia 1 in 20 females: 0.62–0.70 (mean 0.67). Epigynum (Fig. 74A– C) anterior plate semicircular, weakly protruding, medially often slightly darker than laterally; posterior plate wide but short, simple; internal transversal sclerite often visible in uncleared females between anterior and posterior epigynal plates. Internal genitalia (Figs 73C, 74D–F) with transversal sclerite mostly very simple except medially; with large but very indistinct anterior membranous sac; apparently without pore plates.DistributionKnown from a few neighboring localities (within 7 km) in western Maranhão, Brazil (Fig. 57).Natural historyA total of 435 specimens were collected at the type locality, including 384 males (88%) and 51 females (12%). Sampling was conducted using pitfall traps placed in Cerrado s. str. vegetation on sandy soils. The strong male bias is likely a result of the sampling method, as pitfall traps tend to be more efficient for capturing the more mobile males that actively search for females (Uetz & Unzicker 1976; Churchill 1993; Álvares et al. 2004). In contrast, hand-collecting Ninetinae generally yields a female bias (e.g., ~60– 70% females in the five species treated herein that were exclusively collected by hand and represented by more than 50 specimens each: K. maracas sp. nov.; K. brumado sp. nov.; K. itacarambi sp. nov.; K. ibo sp. nov.; S. igapora gen. et sp. nov.). Pitfall traps were arranged in 4×4 grids with three intertrap spacings – 1 m, 10 m, and 20 m – with nine replicates for each spacing (L.S. Carvalho et al. 2026). Nearly half of the specimens (n = 217; mean per replicate = 24.1 ±19.5) were collected in the widestspaced grids (20 m), while 26% (n = 115; mean = 12.8 ±13.5) and 24% (n = 103; mean = 11.4 ±8.25) were captured in the 1 m and 10 m grids, respectively. A generalized linear model with a negative binomial error distribution detected no significant effect of trap spacing on total specimen abundance when compared to a null model (likelihood-ratio test: χ² = 3.51, df = 2, p = 0.173). Additionally, sampling conducted at twelve gallery forest sites yielded only one specimen of this species out of 1474 specimens collected using pitfall traps, suggesting an association with open environments (de Paula et al. 2026).

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