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| Formato: | Recurso digital |
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Zenodo
2022
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| Acesso em linha: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20354582 |
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Sumário:
- <p>The concept of a victim has been interpreted in various ways within the criminal justice system of different countries. One of the most debated issues in the broader field of victimology is victimization. It raises questions regarding the extent to which a victim may bear responsibility for an unfortunate incident, whether through violation of the law, inadvertence, or exposure to abusive circumstances, even in situations where the victim may have taken no direct action. Victimization encompasses the interactions that may occur between the perpetrator and the victim during the commission of a crime, as well as the subsequent consequences arising from such interactions and the criminal act itself.</p> <p>Interpersonal harms associated with developmental and social sacrifices represent a distinct category of negative experiences, differing from other life events. These harms may be understood as injuries inflicted upon an individual through the actions of others in violation of accepted social norms. Criminal activity is not merely an individual or biological phenomenon but also a collective and environmental one, influenced by broader societal conditions. Various theoretical perspectives have contributed to understanding the concepts of victimization and victim justice.</p> <p>For instance, gendered socialization significantly shapes vulnerability and victim experiences. Women often spend greater time within domestic settings, influenced by social expectations, family roles, and patterns of supervision from childhood to adulthood. Men, conversely, are often socialized to occupy public spaces more freely, with greater autonomy and reduced restrictions in their daily lives. Such social constructs may influence exposure to different forms of victimization.</p> <p>Victims are individuals who suffer harm not only due to biological factors but also as a result of gender, age, social position, and surrounding circumstances. This paper seeks to conceptualize victimization and to examine the diverse conditions affecting victims and their position within the criminal justice process.</p>