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| Formato: | Recurso digital |
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Zenodo
2026
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| Acceso en liña: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20367888 |
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Table of Contents:
- <p class="17">This paper proposes that the sole physical entity in the universe is the ether—a real continuous superfluid medium filling all space. Within this framework, all elementary particles are reduced to topological vortex structures in the ether, all fundamental forces are reduced to Bernoulli forces between vortices and the compensating field of helicity conservation, and quantum phenomena are reduced to classical consequences of vortex dynamics and order parameter phase disturbances.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="17">Starting from the classical compressible Euler equations, the complex order parameter ψ = sqrt(ρ) exp(iθ) is introduced via the Madelung transformation, from which circulation quantization is rigorously derived. The three-dimensional pressure balance equation for the electron vortex ring is established, incorporating centrifugal force, curvature tension, and elastic resistance of the medium. After non-dimensionalization, the relationship between the characteristic Mach number α ≡ v<sub><span>c</span></sub>/c and the elastic resistance coefficient β is obtained. In the thick-core limit, the force balance simplifies to α² = 3β/(2π). Substituting the experimentally known α ≈ 1/137.036 yields β ≈ 1.11×10⁻⁴—a quantitative signature of the superfluid nature of the ether.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="17">Electromagnetic fields are reduced to two aspects of the ether flow field: the electric field is the Bernoulli pressure gradient generated by vortex flow, and the magnetic field is the passive compensating vorticity field of helicity conservation. The Lorentz force is equivalent to the Magnus force. The vacuum electromagnetic constants are no longer universal constants but medium properties—μ₀ = κ/ρ₀, ε₀ = ρ₀/(κc²). The tripartite classification of forces clarifies the distinct ordering levels. The force strength ratio of 10³⁶ is reduced to the square of the scale ratio.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="17">The anomalous magnetic moment a<sub><span>e</span></sub> <span>≈ α/(2π) is explained as the nutation angle of the vortex ring axis. The Schwinger limit, derived from energy-momentum balance, yields E</span><sub><span>s</span></sub> = m<sub><span>e</span></sub><span>²c³/(eħ) ≈ 1.32×10¹⁸ V/m, in exact agreement with quantum electrodynamics. Bell inequality violation is explained as a necessary consequence of the global topological constraint of the order parameter field. Superposition states do not exist—quantum advantage arises from global phase-coherent interference. Bose statistics are automatically derived from the complex-scalar superposition rules. Blackbody radiation is reduced to the statistical limit of random micro-vortex shedding events.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="17">Mass is reduced to the total angular kinetic energy of ether rotation within the vortex plus the inertial coupling of the external flow field. Temperature is reduced to circulation saturation. The second law of thermodynamics is reduced to the statistical asymmetry of helicity dispersion. The constancy of the speed of light is reduced to the natural cancellation of density in the equation of state of gaseous ether.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="17">The physical meaning of α = 1/137.036 is established as the characteristic Mach number of the electron vortex core in the ether. The final verdict belongs to experiment.</p>