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| Format: | Recurso digital |
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Zenodo
2022
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| Matèries: | |
| Accés en línia: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6973022 |
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Taula de continguts:
- <p><b><i>Xylosandrus crassiusculus</i> (Motschulsky)</b></p><p><i>Phloeotrogus crassiusculus</i> Motschulsky, 1866: 403.</p><p><i>Xylosandrus crassiusculus</i> (Motschulsky): Wood 1977: 68.</p><p><i>Xyleborus semiopacus</i> Eichhoff, 1878: 334. Synonymy: Wood 1969: 119.</p><p>This species was recorded from Bhutan by Schedl (1975 as <i>Xyleborus semiopacus</i> Eichhoff).</p><p><b>Distribution.</b> The species is native to and widespread through the Oriental region, extending North to Japan and Korea, and East to New Guinea, Fiji and Samoa; presumably originally imported to tropical Africa, but now widespread in the Afrotropical region; imported to and established in southern Europe, Australia and the Americas.</p><p><b>Biology.</b> The species is strongly polyphagous, and numerous host trees are listed by Dole & Cognato (2010). The biology and gallery system have been described by Browne (1961), Schedl (1963) (both as <i>Xyleborus semiopacus</i>), and Ranger <i>et al.</i> (2016) amongst others. This is a species of economic importance because it can attack and breed in healthy shoots and twigs, although it more usually attacks physiologically stressed plants (Ranger <i>et al.</i> 2016). This can facilitate the introduction of pathogenic fungi (Mayers <i>et al.</i> 2016). It has become a major pest species in the southern USA, especially in fruit tree nurseries. Management strategies are discussed by Ranger <i>et al.</i> (2016, 2021), Gugliuzzo <i>et al.</i> (2021), and others.</p>