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Zenodo
2023
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| Accesso online: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576890 |
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- <p><b>13. <i>Nemka</i> Lelej, 1985</b></p><p>(Figs 41–44, 115)</p><p><i>Nemka</i> Lelej, 1985: 240, ♁, ♀ (as subgenus of <i>Smicromyrme</i> Thomson); 1995a: 2; Lelej & Brothers 2008: 39; Brothers & Lelej 2017: 95, ♁, ♀; Williams <i>et al.</i> 2019: 22, ♀; Pagliano <i>et al.</i> 2020: 169; 176; Okayasu 2020: 24, ♁, ♀.</p><p><i>Horaia</i> Tsuneki, 1993: 43 (as subgenus of <i>Smicromyrme</i> Thomson). Type species <i>Smicromyrme</i> (<i>Horaia</i>) <i>chihpenchius</i> Tsuneki, 1993, ♁, by original designation. Junior homonym of <i>Horaia</i> Tonnoir, 1930 (Diptera). Junior subjective synonym of <i>Nemka</i> Lelej, 1985 according to Lelej, 1995a: 2.</p><p><b>Type species:</b> <i>Mutilla viduata</i> Pallas, 1773, ♁, by original designation.</p><p><b>Diagnosis</b>. MALE. Head not elevated posterad, frons and vertex usually punctate, not longitudinally striate. Mandibles robust apically tridentate, deeply excised beneath with large subbasal tooth. Hypostomal bridge without tooth. Ocelli not enlarged. Scape obscurely bicarinate beneath. Mesopleuron with one or two precoxal denticles or tubercles beneath. Tegula rounded posterad, not or slightly protruding behind mesoscuto-scutellar suture. Wing dark fuscous, stigmatic cell slightly less than distance between base of stigmatic cell and origin of <i>RS</i> on vein <i>Sc</i>. Metasoma usually with some segments red or yellowish-red. T1 shorter than half of T2. T2 with longer lateral felt lines, S2 with short lateral felt lines. Volsellar cuspis long and narrow with long setae, volsella with basal external lobe and long setae; setae on inner and ventral margin of external lobe extremely long and curved. FEMALE. Unlike the other Oriental and Palaearctic Smicromyrmini, <i>Nemka</i> females have the pygidium well-defined and short oval in shape. Other useful characters include the presence of a distinct scutellar scale, a single medial setal spot on the T2 disc, and the posterior setal band of T2 variably expanded. Minimum distance between eyes more than 1.4 × eye height; genal carina and hypostomal tooth absent; clypeus with subapical transverse ridge; prementum without dome-like tubercle. Mandible slender. Pronotum without projecting humeral angle; scutellar scale distinct. Protarsus with external comb of long spines. T1 without pale setal spots; T2 with basomedial spot and apical spot or narrow band of pale setae, the latter slightly widened medially; T3 with wide uniform band of pale setae; pygidial plate short oval, distinctly carinate laterally; surface of pygidial plate longitudinally rugoso-striate throughout or unsculptured apically.</p><p><b>Diversity and distribution</b>. Eighteen species are recognized: <i>Nemka viduata</i> (Pallas, 1773) with five subspecies and <i>N. aurantiaca</i> (Skorikov, 1935) are distributed in Palaearctic, and 16 species occur in Oriental Region, three of these penetrate to the Palaearctic parts of China and Iran. Seven species are known from both sexes, three are known from males only, and eight are known from females only.</p><p><b>Remarks</b>. More than half of the known species are included in Lelej’s (1995a) key.</p>