Tight Quantum Lower Bound for Approximate Counting with Quantum States

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Belovs, Aleksandrs, Rosmanis, Ansis
Format: Preprint
Published: 2020
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author Belovs, Aleksandrs
Rosmanis, Ansis
author_facet Belovs, Aleksandrs
Rosmanis, Ansis
contents We prove tight lower bounds for the following variant of the counting problem considered by Aaronson, Kothari, Kretschmer, and Thaler (2020). The task is to distinguish whether an input set $x\subseteq [n]$ has size either $k$ or $k'=(1+\varepsilon)k$. We assume the algorithm has access to * the membership oracle, which, for each $i\in [n]$, can answer whether $i\in x$, or not; and \item the uniform superposition $|ψ_x\rangle = \sum_{i\in x} |i\rangle/\sqrt{|x|}$ over the elements of $x$. Moreover, we consider three different ways how the algorithm can access this state: - the algorithm can have copies of the state $|ψ_x\rangle$; - the algorithm can execute the reflecting oracle which reflects about the state $|ψ_x\rangle$; - the algorithm can execute the state-generating oracle (or its inverse) which performs the transformation $|0\rangle\mapsto|ψ_x\rangle$. Without the second type of resources (the ones related to $|ψ_x\rangle$), the problem is well-understood. The study of the problem with the second type of resources was recently initiated by Aaronson et al. We completely resolve the problem for all values of $1/k \le \varepsilon\le 1$, giving tight trade-offs between all types of resources available to the algorithm. We also demonstrate that our lower bounds are tight. Thus, we close the main open problems from Aaronson et al. The lower bounds are proven using variants of the adversary bound from Belovs (2015) and employing representation theory of the symmetric group applied to the $S_n$-modules $\mathbb{C}^{\binom{[n]}k}$ and $\mathbb{C}^{\binom{[n]}k}\otimes \mathbb{C}$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2002_06879
institution arXiv
publishDate 2020
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Tight Quantum Lower Bound for Approximate Counting with Quantum States
Belovs, Aleksandrs
Rosmanis, Ansis
Quantum Physics
We prove tight lower bounds for the following variant of the counting problem considered by Aaronson, Kothari, Kretschmer, and Thaler (2020). The task is to distinguish whether an input set $x\subseteq [n]$ has size either $k$ or $k'=(1+\varepsilon)k$. We assume the algorithm has access to * the membership oracle, which, for each $i\in [n]$, can answer whether $i\in x$, or not; and \item the uniform superposition $|ψ_x\rangle = \sum_{i\in x} |i\rangle/\sqrt{|x|}$ over the elements of $x$. Moreover, we consider three different ways how the algorithm can access this state: - the algorithm can have copies of the state $|ψ_x\rangle$; - the algorithm can execute the reflecting oracle which reflects about the state $|ψ_x\rangle$; - the algorithm can execute the state-generating oracle (or its inverse) which performs the transformation $|0\rangle\mapsto|ψ_x\rangle$. Without the second type of resources (the ones related to $|ψ_x\rangle$), the problem is well-understood. The study of the problem with the second type of resources was recently initiated by Aaronson et al. We completely resolve the problem for all values of $1/k \le \varepsilon\le 1$, giving tight trade-offs between all types of resources available to the algorithm. We also demonstrate that our lower bounds are tight. Thus, we close the main open problems from Aaronson et al. The lower bounds are proven using variants of the adversary bound from Belovs (2015) and employing representation theory of the symmetric group applied to the $S_n$-modules $\mathbb{C}^{\binom{[n]}k}$ and $\mathbb{C}^{\binom{[n]}k}\otimes \mathbb{C}$.
title Tight Quantum Lower Bound for Approximate Counting with Quantum States
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.06879