The Orbital Bivariate Chromatic Polynomial

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Dohmen, Klaus, Lange-Geisler, Mandy
Format: Preprint
Published: 2020
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author Dohmen, Klaus
Lange-Geisler, Mandy
author_facet Dohmen, Klaus
Lange-Geisler, Mandy
contents The orbital bivariate chromatic polynomial, introduced in this article, counts the number of ways to color the vertices of a graph with $λ$ colors such that adjacent vertices either receive distinct colors from a set of $λ$ colors, or the same color from a distinguished subset of $λ-μ$ colors, up to a group of symmetries. This new graph polynomial simultaneously generalizes the orbital chromatic polynomial due to Cameron and Kayibi (2007) and the bivariate chromatic polynomial due to Dohmen, Pönitz, and Tittmann (2003). We discuss fundamental properties, and provide expansions of this new polynomial for various families of graphs, including complete graphs, complete bipartite graphs, paths, and cycles. Some of these expansions are even new for the orbital chromatic polynomial. In addition to these results, we rediscover Fermat's Little Theorem and a ``Fermat-like'' congruence for Lucas numbers. Finally, we outline several open problems related to the orbital bivariate chromatic polynomial.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2009_08235
institution arXiv
publishDate 2020
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Orbital Bivariate Chromatic Polynomial
Dohmen, Klaus
Lange-Geisler, Mandy
Combinatorics
Group Theory
Number Theory
05C31 (Primary) 05C15, 05E18, 20B25 (Secondary)
The orbital bivariate chromatic polynomial, introduced in this article, counts the number of ways to color the vertices of a graph with $λ$ colors such that adjacent vertices either receive distinct colors from a set of $λ$ colors, or the same color from a distinguished subset of $λ-μ$ colors, up to a group of symmetries. This new graph polynomial simultaneously generalizes the orbital chromatic polynomial due to Cameron and Kayibi (2007) and the bivariate chromatic polynomial due to Dohmen, Pönitz, and Tittmann (2003). We discuss fundamental properties, and provide expansions of this new polynomial for various families of graphs, including complete graphs, complete bipartite graphs, paths, and cycles. Some of these expansions are even new for the orbital chromatic polynomial. In addition to these results, we rediscover Fermat's Little Theorem and a ``Fermat-like'' congruence for Lucas numbers. Finally, we outline several open problems related to the orbital bivariate chromatic polynomial.
title The Orbital Bivariate Chromatic Polynomial
topic Combinatorics
Group Theory
Number Theory
05C31 (Primary) 05C15, 05E18, 20B25 (Secondary)
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.08235