Solsticial Hadley Cell ascending edge theory from supercriticality

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Hill, Spencer A., Bordoni, Simona, Mitchell, Jonathan L.
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2020
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author Hill, Spencer A.
Bordoni, Simona
Mitchell, Jonathan L.
author_facet Hill, Spencer A.
Bordoni, Simona
Mitchell, Jonathan L.
contents How far the Hadley circulation's ascending branch extends into the summer hemisphere is a fundamental but incompletely understood characteristic of Earth's climate. Here, we present a predictive, analytical theory for this ascending edge latitude based on the extent of supercritical forcing. Supercriticality sets the minimum extent of a large-scale circulation based on the angular momentum and absolute vorticity distributions of the hypothetical state were the circulation absent. We explicitly simulate this latitude-by-latitude radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE) state. Its depth-averaged temperature profile is suitably captured by a simple analytical approximation that increases linearly with $\sinφ$, where $φ$ is latitude, from the winter to the summer pole. This, in turn, yields a one-third power-law scaling of the supercritical forcing extent with the thermal Rossby number. In moist and dry idealized GCM simulations under solsticial forcing performed with a wide range of planetary rotation rates, the ascending edge latitudes largely behave according to this scaling.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2011_05966
institution arXiv
publishDate 2020
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Solsticial Hadley Cell ascending edge theory from supercriticality
Hill, Spencer A.
Bordoni, Simona
Mitchell, Jonathan L.
Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
How far the Hadley circulation's ascending branch extends into the summer hemisphere is a fundamental but incompletely understood characteristic of Earth's climate. Here, we present a predictive, analytical theory for this ascending edge latitude based on the extent of supercritical forcing. Supercriticality sets the minimum extent of a large-scale circulation based on the angular momentum and absolute vorticity distributions of the hypothetical state were the circulation absent. We explicitly simulate this latitude-by-latitude radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE) state. Its depth-averaged temperature profile is suitably captured by a simple analytical approximation that increases linearly with $\sinφ$, where $φ$ is latitude, from the winter to the summer pole. This, in turn, yields a one-third power-law scaling of the supercritical forcing extent with the thermal Rossby number. In moist and dry idealized GCM simulations under solsticial forcing performed with a wide range of planetary rotation rates, the ascending edge latitudes largely behave according to this scaling.
title Solsticial Hadley Cell ascending edge theory from supercriticality
topic Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.05966