Tractability from overparametrization: The example of the negative perceptron

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Autori principali: Montanari, Andrea, Zhong, Yiqiao, Zhou, Kangjie
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2021
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author Montanari, Andrea
Zhong, Yiqiao
Zhou, Kangjie
author_facet Montanari, Andrea
Zhong, Yiqiao
Zhou, Kangjie
contents In the negative perceptron problem we are given $n$ data points $({\boldsymbol x}_i,y_i)$, where ${\boldsymbol x}_i$ is a $d$-dimensional vector and $y_i\in\{+1,-1\}$ is a binary label. The data are not linearly separable and hence we content ourselves to find a linear classifier with the largest possible \emph{negative} margin. In other words, we want to find a unit norm vector ${\boldsymbol θ}$ that maximizes $\min_{i\le n}y_i\langle {\boldsymbol θ},{\boldsymbol x}_i\rangle$. This is a non-convex optimization problem (it is equivalent to finding a maximum norm vector in a polytope), and we study its typical properties under two random models for the data. We consider the proportional asymptotics in which $n,d\to \infty$ with $n/d\toδ$, and prove upper and lower bounds on the maximum margin $κ_{\text{s}}(δ)$ or -- equivalently -- on its inverse function $δ_{\text{s}}(κ)$. In other words, $δ_{\text{s}}(κ)$ is the overparametrization threshold: for $n/d\le δ_{\text{s}}(κ)-\varepsilon$ a classifier achieving vanishing training error exists with high probability, while for $n/d\ge δ_{\text{s}}(κ)+\varepsilon$ it does not. Our bounds on $δ_{\text{s}}(κ)$ match to the leading order as $κ\to -\infty$. We then analyze a linear programming algorithm to find a solution, and characterize the corresponding threshold $δ_{\text{lin}}(κ)$. We observe a gap between the interpolation threshold $δ_{\text{s}}(κ)$ and the linear programming threshold $δ_{\text{lin}}(κ)$, raising the question of the behavior of other algorithms.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2110_15824
institution arXiv
publishDate 2021
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Tractability from overparametrization: The example of the negative perceptron
Montanari, Andrea
Zhong, Yiqiao
Zhou, Kangjie
Machine Learning
Probability
Statistics Theory
In the negative perceptron problem we are given $n$ data points $({\boldsymbol x}_i,y_i)$, where ${\boldsymbol x}_i$ is a $d$-dimensional vector and $y_i\in\{+1,-1\}$ is a binary label. The data are not linearly separable and hence we content ourselves to find a linear classifier with the largest possible \emph{negative} margin. In other words, we want to find a unit norm vector ${\boldsymbol θ}$ that maximizes $\min_{i\le n}y_i\langle {\boldsymbol θ},{\boldsymbol x}_i\rangle$. This is a non-convex optimization problem (it is equivalent to finding a maximum norm vector in a polytope), and we study its typical properties under two random models for the data. We consider the proportional asymptotics in which $n,d\to \infty$ with $n/d\toδ$, and prove upper and lower bounds on the maximum margin $κ_{\text{s}}(δ)$ or -- equivalently -- on its inverse function $δ_{\text{s}}(κ)$. In other words, $δ_{\text{s}}(κ)$ is the overparametrization threshold: for $n/d\le δ_{\text{s}}(κ)-\varepsilon$ a classifier achieving vanishing training error exists with high probability, while for $n/d\ge δ_{\text{s}}(κ)+\varepsilon$ it does not. Our bounds on $δ_{\text{s}}(κ)$ match to the leading order as $κ\to -\infty$. We then analyze a linear programming algorithm to find a solution, and characterize the corresponding threshold $δ_{\text{lin}}(κ)$. We observe a gap between the interpolation threshold $δ_{\text{s}}(κ)$ and the linear programming threshold $δ_{\text{lin}}(κ)$, raising the question of the behavior of other algorithms.
title Tractability from overparametrization: The example of the negative perceptron
topic Machine Learning
Probability
Statistics Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.15824