Intraspecific predator interference promotes biodiversity in ecosystems
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2021
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| _version_ | 1866911007785353216 |
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| author | Kang, Ju Zhang, Shijie Niu, Yiyuan Zhong, Fan Wang, Xin |
| author_facet | Kang, Ju Zhang, Shijie Niu, Yiyuan Zhong, Fan Wang, Xin |
| contents | Explaining biodiversity is a fundamental issue in ecology. A long-standing puzzle lies in the paradox of the plankton: many species of plankton feeding on a limited variety of resources coexist, apparently flouting the competitive exclusion principle (CEP), which holds that the number of predator (consumer) species cannot exceed that of the resources at a steady state. Here, we present a mechanistic model and demonstrate that intraspecific interference among the consumers enables a plethora of consumer species to coexist at constant population densities with only one or a handful of resource species. This facilitated biodiversity is resistant to stochasticity, either with the stochastic simulation algorithm or individual-based modeling. Our model naturally explains the classical experiments that invalidate the CEP, quantitatively illustrates the universal S-shaped pattern of the rank-abundance curves across a wide range of ecological communities, and can be broadly used to resolve the mystery of biodiversity in many natural ecosystems. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2112_05098 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Intraspecific predator interference promotes biodiversity in ecosystems Kang, Ju Zhang, Shijie Niu, Yiyuan Zhong, Fan Wang, Xin Populations and Evolution Statistical Mechanics Biological Physics Explaining biodiversity is a fundamental issue in ecology. A long-standing puzzle lies in the paradox of the plankton: many species of plankton feeding on a limited variety of resources coexist, apparently flouting the competitive exclusion principle (CEP), which holds that the number of predator (consumer) species cannot exceed that of the resources at a steady state. Here, we present a mechanistic model and demonstrate that intraspecific interference among the consumers enables a plethora of consumer species to coexist at constant population densities with only one or a handful of resource species. This facilitated biodiversity is resistant to stochasticity, either with the stochastic simulation algorithm or individual-based modeling. Our model naturally explains the classical experiments that invalidate the CEP, quantitatively illustrates the universal S-shaped pattern of the rank-abundance curves across a wide range of ecological communities, and can be broadly used to resolve the mystery of biodiversity in many natural ecosystems. |
| title | Intraspecific predator interference promotes biodiversity in ecosystems |
| topic | Populations and Evolution Statistical Mechanics Biological Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.05098 |