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Main Authors: Sikder, Sudipta, Barkana, Rennan, Reis, Itamar, Fialkov, Anastasia
Format: Preprint
Published: 2022
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.08205
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author Sikder, Sudipta
Barkana, Rennan
Reis, Itamar
Fialkov, Anastasia
author_facet Sikder, Sudipta
Barkana, Rennan
Reis, Itamar
Fialkov, Anastasia
contents The cosmic 21-cm line of hydrogen is expected to be measured in detail by the next generation of radio telescopes. The enormous dataset from future 21-cm surveys will revolutionize our understanding of early cosmic times. We present a machine learning approach based on an Artificial Neural Network that uses emulation in order to uncover the astrophysics in the epoch of reionization and cosmic dawn. Using a seven-parameter astrophysical model that covers a very wide range of possible 21-cm signals, over the redshift range 6 to 30 and wavenumber range $0.05$ to $1 \ \rm{Mpc}^{-1}$ we emulate the 21-cm power spectrum with a typical accuracy of $10 - 20\%$. As a realistic example, we train an emulator using the power spectrum with an optimistic noise model of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). Fitting to mock SKA data results in a typical measurement accuracy of $2.8\%$ in the optical depth to the cosmic microwave background, $34\%$ in the star-formation efficiency of galactic halos, and a factor of 9.6 in the X-ray efficiency of galactic halos. Also, with our modeling we reconstruct the true 21-cm power spectrum from the mock SKA data with a typical accuracy of $15 - 30\%$. In addition to standard astrophysical models, we consider two exotic possibilities of strong excess radio backgrounds at high redshifts. We use a neural network to identify the type of radio background present in the 21-cm power spectrum, with an accuracy of $87\%$ for mock SKA data.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2201_08205
institution arXiv
publishDate 2022
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Emulation of the Cosmic Dawn 21-cm Power Spectrum and Classification of Excess Radio Models Using an Artificial Neural Network
Sikder, Sudipta
Barkana, Rennan
Reis, Itamar
Fialkov, Anastasia
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
The cosmic 21-cm line of hydrogen is expected to be measured in detail by the next generation of radio telescopes. The enormous dataset from future 21-cm surveys will revolutionize our understanding of early cosmic times. We present a machine learning approach based on an Artificial Neural Network that uses emulation in order to uncover the astrophysics in the epoch of reionization and cosmic dawn. Using a seven-parameter astrophysical model that covers a very wide range of possible 21-cm signals, over the redshift range 6 to 30 and wavenumber range $0.05$ to $1 \ \rm{Mpc}^{-1}$ we emulate the 21-cm power spectrum with a typical accuracy of $10 - 20\%$. As a realistic example, we train an emulator using the power spectrum with an optimistic noise model of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). Fitting to mock SKA data results in a typical measurement accuracy of $2.8\%$ in the optical depth to the cosmic microwave background, $34\%$ in the star-formation efficiency of galactic halos, and a factor of 9.6 in the X-ray efficiency of galactic halos. Also, with our modeling we reconstruct the true 21-cm power spectrum from the mock SKA data with a typical accuracy of $15 - 30\%$. In addition to standard astrophysical models, we consider two exotic possibilities of strong excess radio backgrounds at high redshifts. We use a neural network to identify the type of radio background present in the 21-cm power spectrum, with an accuracy of $87\%$ for mock SKA data.
title Emulation of the Cosmic Dawn 21-cm Power Spectrum and Classification of Excess Radio Models Using an Artificial Neural Network
topic Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.08205