Triplication: an important component of the modern scientific method
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2022
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| Acceso en línea: | |
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| _version_ | 1866911150518566912 |
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| author | Clark, Jeremy S. C. Szczypiór-Piasecka, Karina Rydzewska, Kamila Podsiadło, Konrad |
| author_facet | Clark, Jeremy S. C. Szczypiór-Piasecka, Karina Rydzewska, Kamila Podsiadło, Konrad |
| contents | A scientific-study protocol, as defined here, is designed to deliver results from which inductive inference is allowed. In the nineteenth century, triplication was introduced into the plant sciences and Fisher's p<0.05 rule (1925) was incorporated into a triple-result protocol designed to counter random/systematic errors. Aims here were to: (1) classify replication (including non-replicated) protocols; (2) assess their prevalence in plant-science studies published in 2017 for a defined variable construct; and (3) explore the theoretical rationale for the use of triplication. Methods: the plant sciences were surveyed and a protocol-prevalence report produced; association versus experimental proportions analyzed; and real-world-data proxies were used to show confidence-interval-width patterns with increasing replicate number. Results: triplication was found in ~70% of plant-science studies analyzed, with triple-result protocols observed in ~15%. Theoretical considerations showed that, even if systematic errors predominate, "square-root rules" sometimes apply, contributing to the predominance of triplication (real-world-data proxy examples given). Conclusions: Triplication was extensively applied in the studies analyzed and there are strong methodological reasons why (1) triplication, rather than duplication/quadruplication, is the most appropriate standard; (2) triple-result protocols are preferable to global averaging approaches; and (3) plant science methodological standards remain high, despite immense publication pressures. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2201_10960 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Triplication: an important component of the modern scientific method Clark, Jeremy S. C. Szczypiór-Piasecka, Karina Rydzewska, Kamila Podsiadło, Konrad Quantitative Methods A scientific-study protocol, as defined here, is designed to deliver results from which inductive inference is allowed. In the nineteenth century, triplication was introduced into the plant sciences and Fisher's p<0.05 rule (1925) was incorporated into a triple-result protocol designed to counter random/systematic errors. Aims here were to: (1) classify replication (including non-replicated) protocols; (2) assess their prevalence in plant-science studies published in 2017 for a defined variable construct; and (3) explore the theoretical rationale for the use of triplication. Methods: the plant sciences were surveyed and a protocol-prevalence report produced; association versus experimental proportions analyzed; and real-world-data proxies were used to show confidence-interval-width patterns with increasing replicate number. Results: triplication was found in ~70% of plant-science studies analyzed, with triple-result protocols observed in ~15%. Theoretical considerations showed that, even if systematic errors predominate, "square-root rules" sometimes apply, contributing to the predominance of triplication (real-world-data proxy examples given). Conclusions: Triplication was extensively applied in the studies analyzed and there are strong methodological reasons why (1) triplication, rather than duplication/quadruplication, is the most appropriate standard; (2) triple-result protocols are preferable to global averaging approaches; and (3) plant science methodological standards remain high, despite immense publication pressures. |
| title | Triplication: an important component of the modern scientific method |
| topic | Quantitative Methods |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.10960 |