Counting Kernels in Directed Graphs with Arbitrary Orientations

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1. Verfasser: Jartoux, Bruno
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2022
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author Jartoux, Bruno
author_facet Jartoux, Bruno
contents A kernel of a directed graph is a subset of vertices that is both independent and absorbing (every vertex not in the kernel has an out-neighbour in the kernel). Not all directed graphs contain kernels, and computing a kernel or deciding that none exist is NP-complete even on low-degree planar digraphs. The existing polynomial-time algorithms for this problem all restrict both the undirected structure and the edge orientations of the input: for example, to chordal graphs without bidirectional edges (Pass-Lanneau, Igarashi and Meunier, Discrete Appl Math 2020) or to permutation graphs where each clique has a sink (Abbas and Saoula, 4OR 2005). By contrast, we count the kernels of a fuzzy circular interval graph in polynomial time, regardless of its edge orientations, and return a kernel when one exists. (Fuzzy circular graphs were introduced by Chudnovsky and Seymour in their structure theorem for claw-free graphs.) We also consider kernels on cographs, where we establish NP-hardness in general but linear running times on the subclass of threshold graphs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2202_04476
institution arXiv
publishDate 2022
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Counting Kernels in Directed Graphs with Arbitrary Orientations
Jartoux, Bruno
Discrete Mathematics
Combinatorics
05C69 (Primary) 05C20, 68R10 (Secondary)
G.2.2; G.2.1; F.2.2
A kernel of a directed graph is a subset of vertices that is both independent and absorbing (every vertex not in the kernel has an out-neighbour in the kernel). Not all directed graphs contain kernels, and computing a kernel or deciding that none exist is NP-complete even on low-degree planar digraphs. The existing polynomial-time algorithms for this problem all restrict both the undirected structure and the edge orientations of the input: for example, to chordal graphs without bidirectional edges (Pass-Lanneau, Igarashi and Meunier, Discrete Appl Math 2020) or to permutation graphs where each clique has a sink (Abbas and Saoula, 4OR 2005). By contrast, we count the kernels of a fuzzy circular interval graph in polynomial time, regardless of its edge orientations, and return a kernel when one exists. (Fuzzy circular graphs were introduced by Chudnovsky and Seymour in their structure theorem for claw-free graphs.) We also consider kernels on cographs, where we establish NP-hardness in general but linear running times on the subclass of threshold graphs.
title Counting Kernels in Directed Graphs with Arbitrary Orientations
topic Discrete Mathematics
Combinatorics
05C69 (Primary) 05C20, 68R10 (Secondary)
G.2.2; G.2.1; F.2.2
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.04476