Experiments on the Violation of Electromagnetic Gauge Symmetry by Yang-Mills Gravity Using Josephson Effects in Superconductors
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2022
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| _version_ | 1866910970832486400 |
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| author | Hsu, Jong-Ping Hsu, Leonardo |
| author_facet | Hsu, Jong-Ping Hsu, Leonardo |
| contents | Yang-Mills gravity is a quantum theory of gravity with translational gauge symmetry that is based on a flat space-time. The universal coupling of all quantum fields to quantum Yang-Mills gravity is based on the replacement of $\partial_μ$ by the translational gauge covariant derivative $(\partial_μ+gϕ_μ^ν\partial_ν)$ in the Lagrangians of non-gravitational fields. Near the surface of the Earth, Yang-Mills gravity causes the phase gradient $\partial_k θ$ to be altered by a factor of $h_1\approx(1- gϕ)\approx 1- 7\times 10^{-10}$. In addition, the usual gauge-invariant combination of phase gradients and vector potentials ${\bf A}$ in Josephson junctions is modified and is no longer gauge invariant. The voltage across a Josephson junction is thus affected by the presence of the gravitational coupling constant $g$, and is now given by $V_{g21}\approx Q \int_1^2 [- \mbox{\boldmath$ {\bf \nabla}$} A_0 - h_1^{-2}{\partial {\bf A}}/{\partial t}]\cdot d{\bf s}$. We propose an experimental test of Yang-Mills gravity based on this effect. If one were to compare the voltage across a Josephson junction in a laboratory at rest on Earth with that across a junction in free fall (e.g., in the International Space Station or in a plane maneuvering to simulate zero-gravity such as NASA's now-retired "Vomit Comet"), Yang-Mills gravity predicts a difference on the order of 1 part in $10^{9}$, which should be detectable as the precision of the Josephson junction voltage standard is on the order of a few parts in $10^{10}$. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2203_06002 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Experiments on the Violation of Electromagnetic Gauge Symmetry by Yang-Mills Gravity Using Josephson Effects in Superconductors Hsu, Jong-Ping Hsu, Leonardo General Physics Yang-Mills gravity is a quantum theory of gravity with translational gauge symmetry that is based on a flat space-time. The universal coupling of all quantum fields to quantum Yang-Mills gravity is based on the replacement of $\partial_μ$ by the translational gauge covariant derivative $(\partial_μ+gϕ_μ^ν\partial_ν)$ in the Lagrangians of non-gravitational fields. Near the surface of the Earth, Yang-Mills gravity causes the phase gradient $\partial_k θ$ to be altered by a factor of $h_1\approx(1- gϕ)\approx 1- 7\times 10^{-10}$. In addition, the usual gauge-invariant combination of phase gradients and vector potentials ${\bf A}$ in Josephson junctions is modified and is no longer gauge invariant. The voltage across a Josephson junction is thus affected by the presence of the gravitational coupling constant $g$, and is now given by $V_{g21}\approx Q \int_1^2 [- \mbox{\boldmath$ {\bf \nabla}$} A_0 - h_1^{-2}{\partial {\bf A}}/{\partial t}]\cdot d{\bf s}$. We propose an experimental test of Yang-Mills gravity based on this effect. If one were to compare the voltage across a Josephson junction in a laboratory at rest on Earth with that across a junction in free fall (e.g., in the International Space Station or in a plane maneuvering to simulate zero-gravity such as NASA's now-retired "Vomit Comet"), Yang-Mills gravity predicts a difference on the order of 1 part in $10^{9}$, which should be detectable as the precision of the Josephson junction voltage standard is on the order of a few parts in $10^{10}$. |
| title | Experiments on the Violation of Electromagnetic Gauge Symmetry by Yang-Mills Gravity Using Josephson Effects in Superconductors |
| topic | General Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.06002 |