Emergent pair localization in a many-body quantum spin system

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Franz, Titus, Geier, Sebastian, Braemer, Adrian, Hainaut, Clément, Signoles, Adrien, Thaicharoen, Nithiwadee, Tebben, Annika, Salzinger, André, Gärttner, Martin, Zürn, Gerhard, Weidemüller, Matthias
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2022
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author Franz, Titus
Geier, Sebastian
Braemer, Adrian
Hainaut, Clément
Signoles, Adrien
Thaicharoen, Nithiwadee
Tebben, Annika
Salzinger, André
Gärttner, Martin
Zürn, Gerhard
Weidemüller, Matthias
author_facet Franz, Titus
Geier, Sebastian
Braemer, Adrian
Hainaut, Clément
Signoles, Adrien
Thaicharoen, Nithiwadee
Tebben, Annika
Salzinger, André
Gärttner, Martin
Zürn, Gerhard
Weidemüller, Matthias
contents Understanding how closed quantum systems dynamically approach thermal equilibrium presents a major unresolved problem in statistical physics. Generically, non-integrable quantum systems are expected to thermalize as they comply with the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis. However, in the presence of strong disorder, the dynamics can possibly slow down to a degree that systems fail to thermalize on experimentally accessible timescales, as in spin glasses or many-body localized systems. In general, particularly in long-range interacting quantum systems, the specific nature of the disorder necessary for the emergence of a prethermal, metastable state--distinctly separating the timescales of initial relaxation and subsequent slow thermalization--remains an open question. We study an ensemble of Heisenberg spins with a tunable distribution of random coupling strengths realized by a Rydberg quantum simulator. We observe a drastic change in the late-time magnetization when increasing disorder strength. The data is well described by models based on pairs of strongly interacting spins, which are treated as thermal for weak disorder and isolated for strong disorder. Our results indicate a crossover into a pair-localized prethermal regime in a closed quantum system of thousands of spins in the critical case where the exponent of the power law interaction matches the spatial dimension.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2207_14216
institution arXiv
publishDate 2022
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Emergent pair localization in a many-body quantum spin system
Franz, Titus
Geier, Sebastian
Braemer, Adrian
Hainaut, Clément
Signoles, Adrien
Thaicharoen, Nithiwadee
Tebben, Annika
Salzinger, André
Gärttner, Martin
Zürn, Gerhard
Weidemüller, Matthias
Quantum Physics
Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Statistical Mechanics
Atomic Physics
Understanding how closed quantum systems dynamically approach thermal equilibrium presents a major unresolved problem in statistical physics. Generically, non-integrable quantum systems are expected to thermalize as they comply with the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis. However, in the presence of strong disorder, the dynamics can possibly slow down to a degree that systems fail to thermalize on experimentally accessible timescales, as in spin glasses or many-body localized systems. In general, particularly in long-range interacting quantum systems, the specific nature of the disorder necessary for the emergence of a prethermal, metastable state--distinctly separating the timescales of initial relaxation and subsequent slow thermalization--remains an open question. We study an ensemble of Heisenberg spins with a tunable distribution of random coupling strengths realized by a Rydberg quantum simulator. We observe a drastic change in the late-time magnetization when increasing disorder strength. The data is well described by models based on pairs of strongly interacting spins, which are treated as thermal for weak disorder and isolated for strong disorder. Our results indicate a crossover into a pair-localized prethermal regime in a closed quantum system of thousands of spins in the critical case where the exponent of the power law interaction matches the spatial dimension.
title Emergent pair localization in a many-body quantum spin system
topic Quantum Physics
Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Statistical Mechanics
Atomic Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.14216