Effect of inertia on the evasion and pursuit dynamics of prey swarms and the emergence of an optimal mass ratio for the predator-prey arms race

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Chakraborty, Dipanjan, Laha, Arkayan, De, Rumi
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2022
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author Chakraborty, Dipanjan
Laha, Arkayan
De, Rumi
author_facet Chakraborty, Dipanjan
Laha, Arkayan
De, Rumi
contents We show, based on a theoretical model, how inertia plays a pivotal role in the survival dynamics of a prey swarm while chased by a predator. With the varying mass of the prey and predator, diverse escape patterns emerge, such as circling, chasing, maneuvering, dividing into subgroups, and merging into a unitary group, similar to the escape trajectories observed in nature. Moreover, we find a transition from non-survival to survival of the prey swarm with increasing predator mass. The transition regime is also sensitive to the variation in prey mass. Further, the analysis of the prey group survival as a function of predator-to-prey mass ratio unveils the existence of three distinct regimes: (i) frequent chase and capture leading to the non-survival of the prey swarm, (ii) an intermediate regime where competition between pursuit and capture occurs, resembling an arms race, and (iii) the survival regime without the capture of prey. Interestingly, our study demonstrates the existence of a favourable predator-prey mass ratio for efficient predation, which corroborates with the field studies.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2208_12280
institution arXiv
publishDate 2022
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Effect of inertia on the evasion and pursuit dynamics of prey swarms and the emergence of an optimal mass ratio for the predator-prey arms race
Chakraborty, Dipanjan
Laha, Arkayan
De, Rumi
Biological Physics
Statistical Mechanics
Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems
We show, based on a theoretical model, how inertia plays a pivotal role in the survival dynamics of a prey swarm while chased by a predator. With the varying mass of the prey and predator, diverse escape patterns emerge, such as circling, chasing, maneuvering, dividing into subgroups, and merging into a unitary group, similar to the escape trajectories observed in nature. Moreover, we find a transition from non-survival to survival of the prey swarm with increasing predator mass. The transition regime is also sensitive to the variation in prey mass. Further, the analysis of the prey group survival as a function of predator-to-prey mass ratio unveils the existence of three distinct regimes: (i) frequent chase and capture leading to the non-survival of the prey swarm, (ii) an intermediate regime where competition between pursuit and capture occurs, resembling an arms race, and (iii) the survival regime without the capture of prey. Interestingly, our study demonstrates the existence of a favourable predator-prey mass ratio for efficient predation, which corroborates with the field studies.
title Effect of inertia on the evasion and pursuit dynamics of prey swarms and the emergence of an optimal mass ratio for the predator-prey arms race
topic Biological Physics
Statistical Mechanics
Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.12280