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Hauptverfasser: Nasir, Saadia, Smith, Walter J., Beechem, Thomas E., Law, Stephanie
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2022
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.14330
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author Nasir, Saadia
Smith, Walter J.
Beechem, Thomas E.
Law, Stephanie
author_facet Nasir, Saadia
Smith, Walter J.
Beechem, Thomas E.
Law, Stephanie
contents Bi$_2$Se$_3$ is a widely studied 3D topological insulator having potential applications in optics, electronics, and spintronics. When the thickness of these films decrease to less than approximately 6 nm, the top and bottom surface states couple, resulting in the opening of a small gap at the Dirac point. In the 2D limit, Bi$_2$Se$_3$ may exhibit quantum spin Hall states. However, growing coalesced ultra-thin Bi$_2$Se$_3$ films with a controllable thickness and typical triangular domain morphology in the few nanometer range is challenging. Here, we explore the growth of Bi$_2$Se$_3$ films having thickness down to 4 nm on sapphire substrates using molecular beam epitaxy that were then characterized with Hall measurements, atomic force microscopy, and Raman imaging. We find that substrate pre-treatment -- growing and decomposing a few layers of \BiSe before the actual deposition -- is critical to obtaining a completely coalesced film. In addition, higher growth rates and lower substrate temperatures led to improvement in surface roughness, in contrast to what is observed for conventional epitaxy. Overall, coalesced ultra-thin Bi$_2$Se$_3$ films with lower surface roughness enables thickness-dependent studies across the transition from a 3D-topological insulator to one with gapped surface states in the 2D regime.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2208_14330
institution arXiv
publishDate 2022
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Growth of Ultrathin Bi$_2$Se$_3$ Films by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Nasir, Saadia
Smith, Walter J.
Beechem, Thomas E.
Law, Stephanie
Materials Science
Bi$_2$Se$_3$ is a widely studied 3D topological insulator having potential applications in optics, electronics, and spintronics. When the thickness of these films decrease to less than approximately 6 nm, the top and bottom surface states couple, resulting in the opening of a small gap at the Dirac point. In the 2D limit, Bi$_2$Se$_3$ may exhibit quantum spin Hall states. However, growing coalesced ultra-thin Bi$_2$Se$_3$ films with a controllable thickness and typical triangular domain morphology in the few nanometer range is challenging. Here, we explore the growth of Bi$_2$Se$_3$ films having thickness down to 4 nm on sapphire substrates using molecular beam epitaxy that were then characterized with Hall measurements, atomic force microscopy, and Raman imaging. We find that substrate pre-treatment -- growing and decomposing a few layers of \BiSe before the actual deposition -- is critical to obtaining a completely coalesced film. In addition, higher growth rates and lower substrate temperatures led to improvement in surface roughness, in contrast to what is observed for conventional epitaxy. Overall, coalesced ultra-thin Bi$_2$Se$_3$ films with lower surface roughness enables thickness-dependent studies across the transition from a 3D-topological insulator to one with gapped surface states in the 2D regime.
title Growth of Ultrathin Bi$_2$Se$_3$ Films by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
topic Materials Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.14330