Periodic potential can enormously boost free particle transport induced by active fluctuations
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2022
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| _version_ | 1866929495157506048 |
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| author | Białas, K. Łuczka, J. Spiechowicz, J. |
| author_facet | Białas, K. Łuczka, J. Spiechowicz, J. |
| contents | Active fluctuations are detected in a growing number of systems due to self-propulsion mechanisms or collisions with active environment. They drive the system far from equilibrium and can induce phenomena which at equilibrium states are forbidden by e.g. fluctuation-dissipation relations and detailed balance symmetry. Understanding of their role in living matter is emerging as a challenge for physics. Here we demonstrate a paradoxical effect in which a free particle transport induced by active fluctuations can be boosted by many orders of magnitude when the particle is additionally subjected to a periodic potential. In contrast, within the realm of only thermal fluctuations the velocity of a free particle exposed to a bias is reduced when the periodic potential is switched on. The presented mechanism is significant for understanding nonequilibrium environments such as living cells where it can explain from a fundamental point of view why spatially periodic structures known as microtubules are necessary to generate impressively effective intracellular transport. Our findings can be readily corroborated experimentally e.g. in a setup comprising a colloidal particle in an optically generated periodic potential. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2209_01465 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Periodic potential can enormously boost free particle transport induced by active fluctuations Białas, K. Łuczka, J. Spiechowicz, J. Statistical Mechanics Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Soft Condensed Matter Active fluctuations are detected in a growing number of systems due to self-propulsion mechanisms or collisions with active environment. They drive the system far from equilibrium and can induce phenomena which at equilibrium states are forbidden by e.g. fluctuation-dissipation relations and detailed balance symmetry. Understanding of their role in living matter is emerging as a challenge for physics. Here we demonstrate a paradoxical effect in which a free particle transport induced by active fluctuations can be boosted by many orders of magnitude when the particle is additionally subjected to a periodic potential. In contrast, within the realm of only thermal fluctuations the velocity of a free particle exposed to a bias is reduced when the periodic potential is switched on. The presented mechanism is significant for understanding nonequilibrium environments such as living cells where it can explain from a fundamental point of view why spatially periodic structures known as microtubules are necessary to generate impressively effective intracellular transport. Our findings can be readily corroborated experimentally e.g. in a setup comprising a colloidal particle in an optically generated periodic potential. |
| title | Periodic potential can enormously boost free particle transport induced by active fluctuations |
| topic | Statistical Mechanics Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Soft Condensed Matter |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.01465 |