Imaging the initial condition of heavy-ion collisions and nuclear structure across the nuclide chart
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2022
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| author | Jia, Jiangyong Giacalone, Giuliano Bally, Benjamin Brandenburg, James Daniel Heinz, Ulrich Huang, Shengli Lee, Dean Lee, Yen-Jie Li, Wei Loizides, Constantin Luzum, Matthew Nijs, Govert Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn Ploskon, Mateusz van der Schee, Wilke Schenke, Bjoern Shen, Chun Somà, Vittorio Timmins, Anthony Xu, Zhangbu Zhou, You |
| author_facet | Jia, Jiangyong Giacalone, Giuliano Bally, Benjamin Brandenburg, James Daniel Heinz, Ulrich Huang, Shengli Lee, Dean Lee, Yen-Jie Li, Wei Loizides, Constantin Luzum, Matthew Nijs, Govert Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn Ploskon, Mateusz van der Schee, Wilke Schenke, Bjoern Shen, Chun Somà, Vittorio Timmins, Anthony Xu, Zhangbu Zhou, You |
| contents | High-energy nuclear collisions encompass three key stages: the structure of the colliding nuclei informed by low-energy nuclear physics, the initial condition (IC) leading to the formation of quark-gluon plasma (QGP), and the hydrodynamic expansion and hadronization of the QGP leading to final-state hadrons observed experimentally. Recent advances in experimental and theoretical methods have ushered in a precision era, enabling an increasingly accurate understanding of these stages. However, most approaches involve simultaneously determining both QGP properties and initial conditions from a single collision system, creating complexity due to the coupled contributions of various stages to the final-state observables.
To avoid this, we propose leveraging known knowledge of low-energy nuclear structure and hydrodynamic observables to constrain the IC independently. By conducting comparative studies of collisions involving isobar-like nuclei - species with similar mass numbers but different structures - we disentangle the initial condition's impacts from the QGP properties. This approach not only refines our understanding of the IC but also turns high-energy experiments into a precision tool for imaging nuclear structures, offering insights that complement traditional low-energy approaches.
Opportunities for carrying out such comparative experiments at the LHC and other facilities could significantly advance both high-energy and low-energy nuclear physics. Additionally, this approach has implications for the future EIC. While the possibilities are extensive, we focus on selected proposals that could benefit both the high-energy and low-energy nuclear physics communities. Originally prepared as input for the long-range plan of U.S. nuclear physics, this white paper reflects the status as of September 2022, with a brief update on developments since then. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2209_11042 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Imaging the initial condition of heavy-ion collisions and nuclear structure across the nuclide chart Jia, Jiangyong Giacalone, Giuliano Bally, Benjamin Brandenburg, James Daniel Heinz, Ulrich Huang, Shengli Lee, Dean Lee, Yen-Jie Li, Wei Loizides, Constantin Luzum, Matthew Nijs, Govert Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn Ploskon, Mateusz van der Schee, Wilke Schenke, Bjoern Shen, Chun Somà, Vittorio Timmins, Anthony Xu, Zhangbu Zhou, You Nuclear Experiment High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Theory High-energy nuclear collisions encompass three key stages: the structure of the colliding nuclei informed by low-energy nuclear physics, the initial condition (IC) leading to the formation of quark-gluon plasma (QGP), and the hydrodynamic expansion and hadronization of the QGP leading to final-state hadrons observed experimentally. Recent advances in experimental and theoretical methods have ushered in a precision era, enabling an increasingly accurate understanding of these stages. However, most approaches involve simultaneously determining both QGP properties and initial conditions from a single collision system, creating complexity due to the coupled contributions of various stages to the final-state observables. To avoid this, we propose leveraging known knowledge of low-energy nuclear structure and hydrodynamic observables to constrain the IC independently. By conducting comparative studies of collisions involving isobar-like nuclei - species with similar mass numbers but different structures - we disentangle the initial condition's impacts from the QGP properties. This approach not only refines our understanding of the IC but also turns high-energy experiments into a precision tool for imaging nuclear structures, offering insights that complement traditional low-energy approaches. Opportunities for carrying out such comparative experiments at the LHC and other facilities could significantly advance both high-energy and low-energy nuclear physics. Additionally, this approach has implications for the future EIC. While the possibilities are extensive, we focus on selected proposals that could benefit both the high-energy and low-energy nuclear physics communities. Originally prepared as input for the long-range plan of U.S. nuclear physics, this white paper reflects the status as of September 2022, with a brief update on developments since then. |
| title | Imaging the initial condition of heavy-ion collisions and nuclear structure across the nuclide chart |
| topic | Nuclear Experiment High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.11042 |