Explanations, Fairness, and Appropriate Reliance in Human-AI Decision-Making

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Schoeffer, Jakob, De-Arteaga, Maria, Kuehl, Niklas
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2022
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author Schoeffer, Jakob
De-Arteaga, Maria
Kuehl, Niklas
author_facet Schoeffer, Jakob
De-Arteaga, Maria
Kuehl, Niklas
contents In this work, we study the effects of feature-based explanations on distributive fairness of AI-assisted decisions, specifically focusing on the task of predicting occupations from short textual bios. We also investigate how any effects are mediated by humans' fairness perceptions and their reliance on AI recommendations. Our findings show that explanations influence fairness perceptions, which, in turn, relate to humans' tendency to adhere to AI recommendations. However, we see that such explanations do not enable humans to discern correct and incorrect AI recommendations. Instead, we show that they may affect reliance irrespective of the correctness of AI recommendations. Depending on which features an explanation highlights, this can foster or hinder distributive fairness: when explanations highlight features that are task-irrelevant and evidently associated with the sensitive attribute, this prompts overrides that counter AI recommendations that align with gender stereotypes. Meanwhile, if explanations appear task-relevant, this induces reliance behavior that reinforces stereotype-aligned errors. These results imply that feature-based explanations are not a reliable mechanism to improve distributive fairness.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2209_11812
institution arXiv
publishDate 2022
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Explanations, Fairness, and Appropriate Reliance in Human-AI Decision-Making
Schoeffer, Jakob
De-Arteaga, Maria
Kuehl, Niklas
Human-Computer Interaction
Artificial Intelligence
In this work, we study the effects of feature-based explanations on distributive fairness of AI-assisted decisions, specifically focusing on the task of predicting occupations from short textual bios. We also investigate how any effects are mediated by humans' fairness perceptions and their reliance on AI recommendations. Our findings show that explanations influence fairness perceptions, which, in turn, relate to humans' tendency to adhere to AI recommendations. However, we see that such explanations do not enable humans to discern correct and incorrect AI recommendations. Instead, we show that they may affect reliance irrespective of the correctness of AI recommendations. Depending on which features an explanation highlights, this can foster or hinder distributive fairness: when explanations highlight features that are task-irrelevant and evidently associated with the sensitive attribute, this prompts overrides that counter AI recommendations that align with gender stereotypes. Meanwhile, if explanations appear task-relevant, this induces reliance behavior that reinforces stereotype-aligned errors. These results imply that feature-based explanations are not a reliable mechanism to improve distributive fairness.
title Explanations, Fairness, and Appropriate Reliance in Human-AI Decision-Making
topic Human-Computer Interaction
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.11812