Improved Constraints on the 21 cm EoR Power Spectrum and the X-Ray Heating of the IGM with HERA Phase I Observations
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2022
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| author | The HERA Collaboration Abdurashidova, Zara Adams, Tyrone Aguirre, James E. Alexander, Paul Ali, Zaki S. Baartman, Rushelle Balfour, Yanga Barkana, Rennan Beardsley, Adam P. Bernardi, Gianni Billings, Tashalee S. Bowman, Judd D. Bradley, Richard F. Breitman, Daniela Bull, Philip Burba, Jacob Carey, Steve Carilli, Chris L. Cheng, Carina Choudhuri, Samir DeBoer, David R. Acedo, Eloy de Lera Dexter, Matt Dillon, Joshua S. Ely, John Ewall-Wice, Aaron Fagnoni, Nicolas Fialkov, Anastasia Fritz, Randall Furlanetto, Steven R. Gale-Sides, Kingsley Garsden, Hugh Glendenning, Brian Gorce, Adélie Gorthi, Deepthi Greig, Bradley Grobbelaar, Jasper Halday, Ziyaad Hazelton, Bryna J. Heimersheim, Stefan Hewitt, Jacqueline N. Hickish, Jack Jacobs, Daniel C. Julius, Austin Kern, Nicholas S. Kerrigan, Joshua Kittiwisit, Piyanat Kohn, Saul A. Kolopanis, Matthew Lanman, Adam La Plante, Paul Lewis, David Liu, Adrian Loots, Anita Ma, Yin-Zhe MacMahon, David H. E. Malan, Lourence Malgas, Keith Malgas, Cresshim Maree, Matthys Marero, Bradley Martinot, Zachary E. McBride, Lisa Mesinger, Andrei Mirocha, Jordan Molewa, Mathakane Morales, Miguel F. Mosiane, Tshegofalang Muñoz, Julian B. Murray, Steven G. Nagpal, Vighnesh Neben, Abraham R. Nikolic, Bojan Nunhokee, Chuneeta D. Nuwegeld, Hans Parsons, Aaron R. Pascua, Robert Patra, Nipanjana Pieterse, Samantha Qin, Yuxiang Razavi-Ghods, Nima Robnett, James Rosie, Kathryn Santos, Mario G. Sims, Peter Singh, Saurabh Smith, Craig Swarts, Hilton Tan, Jianrong Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan Wilensky, Michael J. Williams, Peter K. G. van Wyngaarden, Pieter Zheng, Haoxuan |
| author_facet | The HERA Collaboration Abdurashidova, Zara Adams, Tyrone Aguirre, James E. Alexander, Paul Ali, Zaki S. Baartman, Rushelle Balfour, Yanga Barkana, Rennan Beardsley, Adam P. Bernardi, Gianni Billings, Tashalee S. Bowman, Judd D. Bradley, Richard F. Breitman, Daniela Bull, Philip Burba, Jacob Carey, Steve Carilli, Chris L. Cheng, Carina Choudhuri, Samir DeBoer, David R. Acedo, Eloy de Lera Dexter, Matt Dillon, Joshua S. Ely, John Ewall-Wice, Aaron Fagnoni, Nicolas Fialkov, Anastasia Fritz, Randall Furlanetto, Steven R. Gale-Sides, Kingsley Garsden, Hugh Glendenning, Brian Gorce, Adélie Gorthi, Deepthi Greig, Bradley Grobbelaar, Jasper Halday, Ziyaad Hazelton, Bryna J. Heimersheim, Stefan Hewitt, Jacqueline N. Hickish, Jack Jacobs, Daniel C. Julius, Austin Kern, Nicholas S. Kerrigan, Joshua Kittiwisit, Piyanat Kohn, Saul A. Kolopanis, Matthew Lanman, Adam La Plante, Paul Lewis, David Liu, Adrian Loots, Anita Ma, Yin-Zhe MacMahon, David H. E. Malan, Lourence Malgas, Keith Malgas, Cresshim Maree, Matthys Marero, Bradley Martinot, Zachary E. McBride, Lisa Mesinger, Andrei Mirocha, Jordan Molewa, Mathakane Morales, Miguel F. Mosiane, Tshegofalang Muñoz, Julian B. Murray, Steven G. Nagpal, Vighnesh Neben, Abraham R. Nikolic, Bojan Nunhokee, Chuneeta D. Nuwegeld, Hans Parsons, Aaron R. Pascua, Robert Patra, Nipanjana Pieterse, Samantha Qin, Yuxiang Razavi-Ghods, Nima Robnett, James Rosie, Kathryn Santos, Mario G. Sims, Peter Singh, Saurabh Smith, Craig Swarts, Hilton Tan, Jianrong Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan Wilensky, Michael J. Williams, Peter K. G. van Wyngaarden, Pieter Zheng, Haoxuan |
| contents | We report the most sensitive upper limits to date on the 21 cm epoch of reionization power spectrum using 94 nights of observing with Phase I of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA). Using similar analysis techniques as in previously reported limits (HERA Collaboration 2022a), we find at 95% confidence that $Δ^2(k = 0.34$ $h$ Mpc$^{-1}$) $\leq 457$ mK$^2$ at $z = 7.9$ and that $Δ^2 (k = 0.36$ $h$ Mpc$^{-1}) \leq 3,496$ mK$^2$ at $z = 10.4$, an improvement by a factor of 2.1 and 2.6 respectively. These limits are mostly consistent with thermal noise over a wide range of $k$ after our data quality cuts, despite performing a relatively conservative analysis designed to minimize signal loss. Our results are validated with both statistical tests on the data and end-to-end pipeline simulations. We also report updated constraints on the astrophysics of reionization and the cosmic dawn. Using multiple independent modeling and inference techniques previously employed by HERA Collaboration (2022b), we find that the intergalactic medium must have been heated above the adiabatic cooling limit at least as early as $z = 10.4$, ruling out a broad set of so-called "cold reionization" scenarios. If this heating is due to high-mass X-ray binaries during the cosmic dawn, as is generally believed, our result's 99% credible interval excludes the local relationship between soft X-ray luminosity and star formation and thus requires heating driven by evolved low-metallicity stars. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2210_04912 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Improved Constraints on the 21 cm EoR Power Spectrum and the X-Ray Heating of the IGM with HERA Phase I Observations The HERA Collaboration Abdurashidova, Zara Adams, Tyrone Aguirre, James E. Alexander, Paul Ali, Zaki S. Baartman, Rushelle Balfour, Yanga Barkana, Rennan Beardsley, Adam P. Bernardi, Gianni Billings, Tashalee S. Bowman, Judd D. Bradley, Richard F. Breitman, Daniela Bull, Philip Burba, Jacob Carey, Steve Carilli, Chris L. Cheng, Carina Choudhuri, Samir DeBoer, David R. Acedo, Eloy de Lera Dexter, Matt Dillon, Joshua S. Ely, John Ewall-Wice, Aaron Fagnoni, Nicolas Fialkov, Anastasia Fritz, Randall Furlanetto, Steven R. Gale-Sides, Kingsley Garsden, Hugh Glendenning, Brian Gorce, Adélie Gorthi, Deepthi Greig, Bradley Grobbelaar, Jasper Halday, Ziyaad Hazelton, Bryna J. Heimersheim, Stefan Hewitt, Jacqueline N. Hickish, Jack Jacobs, Daniel C. Julius, Austin Kern, Nicholas S. Kerrigan, Joshua Kittiwisit, Piyanat Kohn, Saul A. Kolopanis, Matthew Lanman, Adam La Plante, Paul Lewis, David Liu, Adrian Loots, Anita Ma, Yin-Zhe MacMahon, David H. E. Malan, Lourence Malgas, Keith Malgas, Cresshim Maree, Matthys Marero, Bradley Martinot, Zachary E. McBride, Lisa Mesinger, Andrei Mirocha, Jordan Molewa, Mathakane Morales, Miguel F. Mosiane, Tshegofalang Muñoz, Julian B. Murray, Steven G. Nagpal, Vighnesh Neben, Abraham R. Nikolic, Bojan Nunhokee, Chuneeta D. Nuwegeld, Hans Parsons, Aaron R. Pascua, Robert Patra, Nipanjana Pieterse, Samantha Qin, Yuxiang Razavi-Ghods, Nima Robnett, James Rosie, Kathryn Santos, Mario G. Sims, Peter Singh, Saurabh Smith, Craig Swarts, Hilton Tan, Jianrong Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan Wilensky, Michael J. Williams, Peter K. G. van Wyngaarden, Pieter Zheng, Haoxuan Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics We report the most sensitive upper limits to date on the 21 cm epoch of reionization power spectrum using 94 nights of observing with Phase I of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA). Using similar analysis techniques as in previously reported limits (HERA Collaboration 2022a), we find at 95% confidence that $Δ^2(k = 0.34$ $h$ Mpc$^{-1}$) $\leq 457$ mK$^2$ at $z = 7.9$ and that $Δ^2 (k = 0.36$ $h$ Mpc$^{-1}) \leq 3,496$ mK$^2$ at $z = 10.4$, an improvement by a factor of 2.1 and 2.6 respectively. These limits are mostly consistent with thermal noise over a wide range of $k$ after our data quality cuts, despite performing a relatively conservative analysis designed to minimize signal loss. Our results are validated with both statistical tests on the data and end-to-end pipeline simulations. We also report updated constraints on the astrophysics of reionization and the cosmic dawn. Using multiple independent modeling and inference techniques previously employed by HERA Collaboration (2022b), we find that the intergalactic medium must have been heated above the adiabatic cooling limit at least as early as $z = 10.4$, ruling out a broad set of so-called "cold reionization" scenarios. If this heating is due to high-mass X-ray binaries during the cosmic dawn, as is generally believed, our result's 99% credible interval excludes the local relationship between soft X-ray luminosity and star formation and thus requires heating driven by evolved low-metallicity stars. |
| title | Improved Constraints on the 21 cm EoR Power Spectrum and the X-Ray Heating of the IGM with HERA Phase I Observations |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.04912 |