Overcoming leakage in scalable quantum error correction
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arXiv
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2022
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| author | Miao, Kevin C. McEwen, Matt Atalaya, Juan Kafri, Dvir Pryadko, Leonid P. Bengtsson, Andreas Opremcak, Alex Satzinger, Kevin J. Chen, Zijun Klimov, Paul V. Quintana, Chris Acharya, Rajeev Anderson, Kyle Ansmann, Markus Arute, Frank Arya, Kunal Asfaw, Abraham Bardin, Joseph C. Bourassa, Alexandre Bovaird, Jenna Brill, Leon Buckley, Bob B. Buell, David A. Burger, Tim Burkett, Brian Bushnell, Nicholas Campero, Juan Chiaro, Ben Collins, Roberto Conner, Paul Crook, Alexander L. Curtin, Ben Debroy, Dripto M. Demura, Sean Dunsworth, Andrew Erickson, Catherine Fatemi, Reza Ferreira, Vinicius S. Burgos, Leslie Flores Forati, Ebrahim Fowler, Austin G. Foxen, Brooks Garcia, Gonzalo Giang, William Gidney, Craig Giustina, Marissa Gosula, Raja Dau, Alejandro Grajales Gross, Jonathan A. Hamilton, Michael C. Harrington, Sean D. Heu, Paula Hilton, Jeremy Hoffmann, Markus R. Hong, Sabrina Huang, Trent Huff, Ashley Iveland, Justin Jeffrey, Evan Jiang, Zhang Jones, Cody Kelly, Julian Kim, Seon Kostritsa, Fedor Kreikebaum, John Mark Landhuis, David Laptev, Pavel Laws, Lily Lee, Kenny Lester, Brian J. Lill, Alexander T. Liu, Wayne Locharla, Aditya Lucero, Erik Martin, Steven Megrant, Anthony Mi, Xiao Montazeri, Shirin Morvan, Alexis Naaman, Ofer Neeley, Matthew Neill, Charles Nersisyan, Ani Newman, Michael Ng, Jiun How Nguyen, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Potter, Rebecca Rocque, Charles Roushan, Pedram Sankaragomathi, Kannan Schuster, Christopher Shearn, Michael J. Shorter, Aaron Shutty, Noah Shvarts, Vladimir Skruzny, Jindra Smith, W. Clarke Sterling, George Szalay, Marco Thor, Douglas Torres, Alfredo White, Theodore Woo, Bryan W. K. Yao, Z. Jamie Yeh, Ping Yoo, Juhwan Young, Grayson Zalcman, Adam Zhu, Ningfeng Zobrist, Nicholas Neven, Hartmut Smelyanskiy, Vadim Petukhov, Andre Korotkov, Alexander N. Sank, Daniel Chen, Yu |
| author_facet | Miao, Kevin C. McEwen, Matt Atalaya, Juan Kafri, Dvir Pryadko, Leonid P. Bengtsson, Andreas Opremcak, Alex Satzinger, Kevin J. Chen, Zijun Klimov, Paul V. Quintana, Chris Acharya, Rajeev Anderson, Kyle Ansmann, Markus Arute, Frank Arya, Kunal Asfaw, Abraham Bardin, Joseph C. Bourassa, Alexandre Bovaird, Jenna Brill, Leon Buckley, Bob B. Buell, David A. Burger, Tim Burkett, Brian Bushnell, Nicholas Campero, Juan Chiaro, Ben Collins, Roberto Conner, Paul Crook, Alexander L. Curtin, Ben Debroy, Dripto M. Demura, Sean Dunsworth, Andrew Erickson, Catherine Fatemi, Reza Ferreira, Vinicius S. Burgos, Leslie Flores Forati, Ebrahim Fowler, Austin G. Foxen, Brooks Garcia, Gonzalo Giang, William Gidney, Craig Giustina, Marissa Gosula, Raja Dau, Alejandro Grajales Gross, Jonathan A. Hamilton, Michael C. Harrington, Sean D. Heu, Paula Hilton, Jeremy Hoffmann, Markus R. Hong, Sabrina Huang, Trent Huff, Ashley Iveland, Justin Jeffrey, Evan Jiang, Zhang Jones, Cody Kelly, Julian Kim, Seon Kostritsa, Fedor Kreikebaum, John Mark Landhuis, David Laptev, Pavel Laws, Lily Lee, Kenny Lester, Brian J. Lill, Alexander T. Liu, Wayne Locharla, Aditya Lucero, Erik Martin, Steven Megrant, Anthony Mi, Xiao Montazeri, Shirin Morvan, Alexis Naaman, Ofer Neeley, Matthew Neill, Charles Nersisyan, Ani Newman, Michael Ng, Jiun How Nguyen, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Potter, Rebecca Rocque, Charles Roushan, Pedram Sankaragomathi, Kannan Schuster, Christopher Shearn, Michael J. Shorter, Aaron Shutty, Noah Shvarts, Vladimir Skruzny, Jindra Smith, W. Clarke Sterling, George Szalay, Marco Thor, Douglas Torres, Alfredo White, Theodore Woo, Bryan W. K. Yao, Z. Jamie Yeh, Ping Yoo, Juhwan Young, Grayson Zalcman, Adam Zhu, Ningfeng Zobrist, Nicholas Neven, Hartmut Smelyanskiy, Vadim Petukhov, Andre Korotkov, Alexander N. Sank, Daniel Chen, Yu |
| contents | Leakage of quantum information out of computational states into higher energy states represents a major challenge in the pursuit of quantum error correction (QEC). In a QEC circuit, leakage builds over time and spreads through multi-qubit interactions. This leads to correlated errors that degrade the exponential suppression of logical error with scale, challenging the feasibility of QEC as a path towards fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here, we demonstrate the execution of a distance-3 surface code and distance-21 bit-flip code on a Sycamore quantum processor where leakage is removed from all qubits in each cycle. This shortens the lifetime of leakage and curtails its ability to spread and induce correlated errors. We report a ten-fold reduction in steady-state leakage population on the data qubits encoding the logical state and an average leakage population of less than $1 \times 10^{-3}$ throughout the entire device. The leakage removal process itself efficiently returns leakage population back to the computational basis, and adding it to a code circuit prevents leakage from inducing correlated error across cycles, restoring a fundamental assumption of QEC. With this demonstration that leakage can be contained, we resolve a key challenge for practical QEC at scale. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2211_04728 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Overcoming leakage in scalable quantum error correction Miao, Kevin C. McEwen, Matt Atalaya, Juan Kafri, Dvir Pryadko, Leonid P. Bengtsson, Andreas Opremcak, Alex Satzinger, Kevin J. Chen, Zijun Klimov, Paul V. Quintana, Chris Acharya, Rajeev Anderson, Kyle Ansmann, Markus Arute, Frank Arya, Kunal Asfaw, Abraham Bardin, Joseph C. Bourassa, Alexandre Bovaird, Jenna Brill, Leon Buckley, Bob B. Buell, David A. Burger, Tim Burkett, Brian Bushnell, Nicholas Campero, Juan Chiaro, Ben Collins, Roberto Conner, Paul Crook, Alexander L. Curtin, Ben Debroy, Dripto M. Demura, Sean Dunsworth, Andrew Erickson, Catherine Fatemi, Reza Ferreira, Vinicius S. Burgos, Leslie Flores Forati, Ebrahim Fowler, Austin G. Foxen, Brooks Garcia, Gonzalo Giang, William Gidney, Craig Giustina, Marissa Gosula, Raja Dau, Alejandro Grajales Gross, Jonathan A. Hamilton, Michael C. Harrington, Sean D. Heu, Paula Hilton, Jeremy Hoffmann, Markus R. Hong, Sabrina Huang, Trent Huff, Ashley Iveland, Justin Jeffrey, Evan Jiang, Zhang Jones, Cody Kelly, Julian Kim, Seon Kostritsa, Fedor Kreikebaum, John Mark Landhuis, David Laptev, Pavel Laws, Lily Lee, Kenny Lester, Brian J. Lill, Alexander T. Liu, Wayne Locharla, Aditya Lucero, Erik Martin, Steven Megrant, Anthony Mi, Xiao Montazeri, Shirin Morvan, Alexis Naaman, Ofer Neeley, Matthew Neill, Charles Nersisyan, Ani Newman, Michael Ng, Jiun How Nguyen, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Potter, Rebecca Rocque, Charles Roushan, Pedram Sankaragomathi, Kannan Schuster, Christopher Shearn, Michael J. Shorter, Aaron Shutty, Noah Shvarts, Vladimir Skruzny, Jindra Smith, W. Clarke Sterling, George Szalay, Marco Thor, Douglas Torres, Alfredo White, Theodore Woo, Bryan W. K. Yao, Z. Jamie Yeh, Ping Yoo, Juhwan Young, Grayson Zalcman, Adam Zhu, Ningfeng Zobrist, Nicholas Neven, Hartmut Smelyanskiy, Vadim Petukhov, Andre Korotkov, Alexander N. Sank, Daniel Chen, Yu Quantum Physics Leakage of quantum information out of computational states into higher energy states represents a major challenge in the pursuit of quantum error correction (QEC). In a QEC circuit, leakage builds over time and spreads through multi-qubit interactions. This leads to correlated errors that degrade the exponential suppression of logical error with scale, challenging the feasibility of QEC as a path towards fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here, we demonstrate the execution of a distance-3 surface code and distance-21 bit-flip code on a Sycamore quantum processor where leakage is removed from all qubits in each cycle. This shortens the lifetime of leakage and curtails its ability to spread and induce correlated errors. We report a ten-fold reduction in steady-state leakage population on the data qubits encoding the logical state and an average leakage population of less than $1 \times 10^{-3}$ throughout the entire device. The leakage removal process itself efficiently returns leakage population back to the computational basis, and adding it to a code circuit prevents leakage from inducing correlated error across cycles, restoring a fundamental assumption of QEC. With this demonstration that leakage can be contained, we resolve a key challenge for practical QEC at scale. |
| title | Overcoming leakage in scalable quantum error correction |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.04728 |