SoK: Fully Homomorphic Encryption Accelerators
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arXiv
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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Publié: |
2022
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| _version_ | 1866912215424040960 |
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| author | Zhang, Junxue Cheng, Xiaodian Yang, Liu Hu, Jinbin Liu, Ximeng Chen, Kai |
| author_facet | Zhang, Junxue Cheng, Xiaodian Yang, Liu Hu, Jinbin Liu, Ximeng Chen, Kai |
| contents | Fully Homomorphic Encryption~(FHE) is a key technology enabling privacy-preserving computing. However, the fundamental challenge of FHE is its inefficiency, due primarily to the underlying polynomial computations with high computation complexity and extremely time-consuming ciphertext maintenance operations. To tackle this challenge, various FHE accelerators have recently been proposed by both research and industrial communities. This paper takes the first initiative to conduct a systematic study on the 14 FHE accelerators -- cuHE/cuFHE, nuFHE, HEAT, HEAX, HEXL, HEXL-FPGA, 100$\times$, F1, CraterLake, BTS, ARK, Poseidon, FAB and TensorFHE. We first make our observations on the evolution trajectory of these existing FHE accelerators to establish a qualitative connection between them. Then, we perform testbed evaluations of representative open-source FHE accelerators to provide a quantitative comparison on them. Finally, with the insights learned from both qualitative and quantitative studies, we discuss potential directions to inform the future design and implementation for FHE accelerators. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2212_01713 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | SoK: Fully Homomorphic Encryption Accelerators Zhang, Junxue Cheng, Xiaodian Yang, Liu Hu, Jinbin Liu, Ximeng Chen, Kai Cryptography and Security Hardware Architecture Fully Homomorphic Encryption~(FHE) is a key technology enabling privacy-preserving computing. However, the fundamental challenge of FHE is its inefficiency, due primarily to the underlying polynomial computations with high computation complexity and extremely time-consuming ciphertext maintenance operations. To tackle this challenge, various FHE accelerators have recently been proposed by both research and industrial communities. This paper takes the first initiative to conduct a systematic study on the 14 FHE accelerators -- cuHE/cuFHE, nuFHE, HEAT, HEAX, HEXL, HEXL-FPGA, 100$\times$, F1, CraterLake, BTS, ARK, Poseidon, FAB and TensorFHE. We first make our observations on the evolution trajectory of these existing FHE accelerators to establish a qualitative connection between them. Then, we perform testbed evaluations of representative open-source FHE accelerators to provide a quantitative comparison on them. Finally, with the insights learned from both qualitative and quantitative studies, we discuss potential directions to inform the future design and implementation for FHE accelerators. |
| title | SoK: Fully Homomorphic Encryption Accelerators |
| topic | Cryptography and Security Hardware Architecture |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.01713 |