MOAT: Towards Safe BPF Kernel Extension

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Lu, Hongyi, Wang, Shuai, Wu, Yechang, He, Wanning, Zhang, Fengwei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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author Lu, Hongyi
Wang, Shuai
Wu, Yechang
He, Wanning
Zhang, Fengwei
author_facet Lu, Hongyi
Wang, Shuai
Wu, Yechang
He, Wanning
Zhang, Fengwei
contents The Linux kernel extensively uses the Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF) to allow user-written BPF applications to execute in the kernel space. The BPF employs a verifier to check the security of user-supplied BPF code statically. Recent attacks show that BPF programs can evade security checks and gain unauthorized access to kernel memory, indicating that the verification process is not flawless. In this paper, we present MOAT, a system that isolates potentially malicious BPF programs using Intel Memory Protection Keys (MPK). Enforcing BPF program isolation with MPK is not straightforward; MOAT is designed to alleviate technical obstacles, such as limited hardware keys and the need to protect a wide variety of BPF helper functions. We implement MOAT on Linux (ver. 6.1.38), and our evaluation shows that MOAT delivers low-cost isolation of BPF programs under mainstream use cases, such as isolating a BPF packet filter with only 3% throughput loss.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2301_13421
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle MOAT: Towards Safe BPF Kernel Extension
Lu, Hongyi
Wang, Shuai
Wu, Yechang
He, Wanning
Zhang, Fengwei
Cryptography and Security
Operating Systems
The Linux kernel extensively uses the Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF) to allow user-written BPF applications to execute in the kernel space. The BPF employs a verifier to check the security of user-supplied BPF code statically. Recent attacks show that BPF programs can evade security checks and gain unauthorized access to kernel memory, indicating that the verification process is not flawless. In this paper, we present MOAT, a system that isolates potentially malicious BPF programs using Intel Memory Protection Keys (MPK). Enforcing BPF program isolation with MPK is not straightforward; MOAT is designed to alleviate technical obstacles, such as limited hardware keys and the need to protect a wide variety of BPF helper functions. We implement MOAT on Linux (ver. 6.1.38), and our evaluation shows that MOAT delivers low-cost isolation of BPF programs under mainstream use cases, such as isolating a BPF packet filter with only 3% throughput loss.
title MOAT: Towards Safe BPF Kernel Extension
topic Cryptography and Security
Operating Systems
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.13421