Extracting the gamma-ray source-count distribution below the Fermi-LAT detection limit with deep learning

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Amerio, Aurelio, Cuoco, Alessandro, Fornengo, Nicolao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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author Amerio, Aurelio
Cuoco, Alessandro
Fornengo, Nicolao
author_facet Amerio, Aurelio
Cuoco, Alessandro
Fornengo, Nicolao
contents We reconstruct the extra-galactic gamma-ray source-count distribution, or $dN/dS$, of resolved and unresolved sources by adopting machine learning techniques. Specifically, we train a convolutional neural network on synthetic 2-dimensional sky-maps, which are built by varying parameters of underlying source-counts models and incorporate the Fermi-LAT instrumental response functions. The trained neural network is then applied to the Fermi-LAT data, from which we estimate the source count distribution down to flux levels a factor of 50 below the Fermi-LAT threshold. We perform our analysis using 14 years of data collected in the $(1,10)$ GeV energy range. The results we obtain show a source count distribution which, in the resolved regime, is in excellent agreement with the one derived from catalogued sources, and then extends as $dN/dS \sim S^{-2}$ in the unresolved regime, down to fluxes of $5 \cdot 10^{-12}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. The neural network architecture and the devised methodology have the flexibility to enable future analyses to study the energy dependence of the source-count distribution.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2302_01947
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Extracting the gamma-ray source-count distribution below the Fermi-LAT detection limit with deep learning
Amerio, Aurelio
Cuoco, Alessandro
Fornengo, Nicolao
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Machine Learning
We reconstruct the extra-galactic gamma-ray source-count distribution, or $dN/dS$, of resolved and unresolved sources by adopting machine learning techniques. Specifically, we train a convolutional neural network on synthetic 2-dimensional sky-maps, which are built by varying parameters of underlying source-counts models and incorporate the Fermi-LAT instrumental response functions. The trained neural network is then applied to the Fermi-LAT data, from which we estimate the source count distribution down to flux levels a factor of 50 below the Fermi-LAT threshold. We perform our analysis using 14 years of data collected in the $(1,10)$ GeV energy range. The results we obtain show a source count distribution which, in the resolved regime, is in excellent agreement with the one derived from catalogued sources, and then extends as $dN/dS \sim S^{-2}$ in the unresolved regime, down to fluxes of $5 \cdot 10^{-12}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. The neural network architecture and the devised methodology have the flexibility to enable future analyses to study the energy dependence of the source-count distribution.
title Extracting the gamma-ray source-count distribution below the Fermi-LAT detection limit with deep learning
topic Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.01947