Regularization and Optimization in Model-Based Clustering

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Sampaio, Raphael Araujo, Garcia, Joaquim Dias, Poggi, Marcus, Vidal, Thibaut
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2023
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author Sampaio, Raphael Araujo
Garcia, Joaquim Dias
Poggi, Marcus
Vidal, Thibaut
author_facet Sampaio, Raphael Araujo
Garcia, Joaquim Dias
Poggi, Marcus
Vidal, Thibaut
contents Due to their conceptual simplicity, k-means algorithm variants have been extensively used for unsupervised cluster analysis. However, one main shortcoming of these algorithms is that they essentially fit a mixture of identical spherical Gaussians to data that vastly deviates from such a distribution. In comparison, general Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) can fit richer structures but require estimating a quadratic number of parameters per cluster to represent the covariance matrices. This poses two main issues: (i) the underlying optimization problems are challenging due to their larger number of local minima, and (ii) their solutions can overfit the data. In this work, we design search strategies that circumvent both issues. We develop more effective optimization algorithms for general GMMs, and we combine these algorithms with regularization strategies that avoid overfitting. Through extensive computational analyses, we observe that optimization or regularization in isolation does not substantially improve cluster recovery. However, combining these techniques permits a completely new level of performance previously unachieved by k-means algorithm variants, unraveling vastly different cluster structures. These results shed new light on the current status quo between GMM and k-means methods and suggest the more frequent use of general GMMs for data exploration. To facilitate such applications, we provide open-source code as well as Julia packages (UnsupervisedClustering.jl and RegularizedCovarianceMatrices.jl) implementing the proposed techniques.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2302_02450
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Regularization and Optimization in Model-Based Clustering
Sampaio, Raphael Araujo
Garcia, Joaquim Dias
Poggi, Marcus
Vidal, Thibaut
Machine Learning
Due to their conceptual simplicity, k-means algorithm variants have been extensively used for unsupervised cluster analysis. However, one main shortcoming of these algorithms is that they essentially fit a mixture of identical spherical Gaussians to data that vastly deviates from such a distribution. In comparison, general Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) can fit richer structures but require estimating a quadratic number of parameters per cluster to represent the covariance matrices. This poses two main issues: (i) the underlying optimization problems are challenging due to their larger number of local minima, and (ii) their solutions can overfit the data. In this work, we design search strategies that circumvent both issues. We develop more effective optimization algorithms for general GMMs, and we combine these algorithms with regularization strategies that avoid overfitting. Through extensive computational analyses, we observe that optimization or regularization in isolation does not substantially improve cluster recovery. However, combining these techniques permits a completely new level of performance previously unachieved by k-means algorithm variants, unraveling vastly different cluster structures. These results shed new light on the current status quo between GMM and k-means methods and suggest the more frequent use of general GMMs for data exploration. To facilitate such applications, we provide open-source code as well as Julia packages (UnsupervisedClustering.jl and RegularizedCovarianceMatrices.jl) implementing the proposed techniques.
title Regularization and Optimization in Model-Based Clustering
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.02450